An introduction to mediation analyses of randomized controlled trials

Cashin, Aidan G; Lee, Hopin

doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.014

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mediator analysis detects whether a variable plays a mediating role by statistical methods [56][57][58]. Based on former literature, mediation was tested by the causal step procedure [59][60][61], and all variables were analyzed in regression equations interpreted in Models ( 1)- (3).…”

Section: Mediator Effect Results Of Investment In Charging Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Research of the Mechanism from Electric Vehicle Production to Charging Station R&D in China

Zhang

2021

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as an effective method for dealing with serious environmental pollution. The Chinese government has implemented a series of incentives to accelerate the promotion of EV. However, the increasing production of EVs gives rise to a greater demand for better quality charging station. This study aimed to certify the impact of the production of EVs on charging station research and development (R&D) in China, with mediating effect methods and a panel fixed effect model. The conclusions derived from the study were: (1) Statistically, the production of EVs positively and significantly impacts charging station R&D; (2) the mediating role of investment in charging stations is verified in the relationship between the production of EVs and charging station R&D; (3) environmental tax can moderate the relationship between the production of EVs and charging station R&D. These results implicate, for the first time, that the production of EVs can enhance charging station R&D through the mediating role of charging station investments and the moderating role of environmental tax.

show abstract

Section: Mediator Effect Results Of Investment In Charging Stationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Research of the Mechanism from Electric Vehicle Production to Charging Station R&D in China

Zhang

2021

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As an exploratory secondary analysis of a previous randomized controlled trial, this study is limited in that mediation was not originally included in Gabriels et al ( 21 ) original study design. Future research can design THR randomized controlled trials to intentionally answer questions of mediation by prospectively powering the study to assess mediators measured at a mid-intervention timepoint ( 25 ). Because Gabriels et al ( 21 ) did not prospectively design the randomized controlled trial to include mediation analyses, there were missing week 6 ABC-C datapoints.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mediation analyses embedded within a randomized controlled trial can be used to investigate the causal mechanisms by which an intervention affects specific outcomes. To do so, mediation analyses separate the total effect of an intervention into an indirect effect and a direct effect ( 25 ). The indirect effect represents the effect of the intervention that operates through the mediator, in this case self-regulation behaviors (irritability and hyperactivity).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Regulation Mediates Therapeutic Horseback Riding Social Functioning Outcomes in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emerging evidence suggests therapeutic horseback riding improves self-regulation behaviors, social functioning, and language in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been theorized that interacting with horses is calming for youth with ASD, which may influence social and language outcomes. The current study is an exploratory secondary mediation analysis of a previously published randomized controlled trial of therapeutic horseback riding for youth with ASD. We hypothesized that self-regulation would mediate therapeutic horseback riding's effect on social and language outcomes in youth with ASD. Results indicate that self-regulation mediates therapeutic horseback riding's effect on social, but not language outcomes. This paper provides support for the hypothesis that interacting with horses may have a calming effect that serves as a platform for improving social outcomes in youth with autism.

show abstract

“…Random allocation of study participants to the intervention averted confounding of intervention-mediator and intervention-outcome effects. However, residual confounding of the mediator-outcome effect 22 may still be present despite adjusting our analyses for several potential confounders of this effect including baseline value of serum estrogen concentration, baseline VMS frequency, race/ethnicity, study enrollment site, menopausal status, and BMI. We did not collect the timing of study medication dosing relative to blood collection at week 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in serum endogenous estrogen concentrations are mediators of the effect of low-dose oral estradiol on vasomotor symptoms

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The aim of this study was to quantify changes in serum total estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) concentrations with initiation of low-dose oral estradiol treatment and evaluate whether changes in concentrations mediate the effect of treatment in reducing vasomotor symptom (VMS) frequency.Methods: We analyzed baseline and week 8 (W8) data from 171 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with VMS enrolled in low-dose 17β estradiol (n = 72) and placebo (n = 99) groups of a randomized clinical trial.Results: From baseline to W8, women in the low-dose estradiol group had a fourfold increase in E2, resulting in a W8 E2 of 23 pg/mL, and a fivefold increase in E1, resulting in a W8 E1 of 110.7 pg/mL. In contrast, E2 and E1 among women in the placebo group were unchanged from baseline to W8. Changes in E2 and E1 from baseline to W8 met criteria for mediating the effect of low-dose estradiol treatment on VMS frequency. With change in estrogen concentration added to treatment assignment in a regression model predicting W8 VMS frequency, the effect of treatment with low-dose estradiol versus placebo was attenuated, with change in E2 representing a 44.1% reduction (P = 0.03) and change in E1 representing a 69.5% reduction (P = 0.02) in total intervention effect.Conclusion: Among perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with VMS, treatment with low-dose oral estradiol versus placebo results in four-to fivefold increases in serum E2 and E1. The increases in serum E2 and E1 with low-dose oral estradiol treatment seem to mediate in part the effect of treatment in reducing VMS frequency.

show abstract

An introduction to mediation analyses of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

An Empirical Research of the Mechanism from Electric Vehicle Production to Charging Station R&D in China

An Empirical Research of the Mechanism from Electric Vehicle Production to Charging Station R&D in China

Self-Regulation Mediates Therapeutic Horseback Riding Social Functioning Outcomes in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Changes in serum endogenous estrogen concentrations are mediators of the effect of low-dose oral estradiol on vasomotor symptoms

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About