An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems

Pi, Zhouyue; Khan, Farooq Ahmad

doi:10.1109/mcom.2011.5783993

Cited by 2,329 publications

(1,454 citation statements)

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“…Increasing bandwidth by moving into the millimeter wave (mmWave) band has been identified as one of the primary approaches towards meeting the data rate requirement of the fifth generation (5G) cellular networks [1][2][3]. According to [2], the available spectrum for cellular communications at the mmWave band can be easily 200 times greater than the spectrum presently allocated for this purpose below the 3 GHz [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [2], the available spectrum for cellular communications at the mmWave band can be easily 200 times greater than the spectrum presently allocated for this purpose below the 3 GHz [2]. The mmWave band ranging from 30 − 300 GHz has already been considered for wireless services such as fixed access and personal area networking [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only recently did survey measurements and *Correspondence: oluwakayode.onireti@glasgow.ac.uk 1 School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article capacity studies of mmWave technology reveal its promise for urban small cell deployments [1,[6][7][8]. In addition to the huge available bandwidth in the mmWave band, the smaller wavelength associated with the band allows for the use of more miniaturized antennas at the same physical area of the transmitter and receiver to provide array gain [2,6]. With such large antenna array, the mmWave cellular system can apply beamforming at the transmit and receive sides to provide array gain which compensates for the near-field pathloss [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coverage and rate analysis in the uplink of millimeter wave cellular networks with fractional power control

Onireti

Imran

2018

J Wireless Com Network

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In this paper, using the concept of stochastic geometry, we present an analytical framework to evaluate the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio (SINR) coverage in the uplink of millimeter wave cellular networks. By using a distance-dependent line-of-sight (LOS) probability function, the location of LOS and non-LOS users are modeled as two independent non-homogeneous Poisson point processes, with each having a different pathloss exponent. The analysis takes account of per-user fractional power control (FPC), which couples the transmission of users based on location-dependent channel inversion. We consider the following scenarios in our analysis: (1) pathloss-based FPC (PL-FPC) which is performed using the measured pathloss and (2) distance-based FPC (D-FPC) which is performed using the measured distance. Using the developed framework, we derive expressions for the area spectral efficiency. Results suggest that in terms of SINR coverage, D-FPC outperforms PL-FPC scheme at high SINR where the future networks are expected to operate. It achieves equal or better area spectral efficiency compared with the PL-FPC scheme. Contrary to the conventional ultra-high frequency cellular networks, in both FPC schemes, the SINR coverage decreases as the cell density becomes greater than a threshold, while the area spectral efficiency experiences a slow growth region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coverage and rate analysis in the uplink of millimeter wave cellular networks with fractional power control

Onireti

Imran

2018

J Wireless Com Network

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“…The narrow beam also strongly reduces the angular spread of the incoming waves and the multipath components of millimeter waves to be limited. Therefore, by having the beam forming, beam-forming weights can be adjusted to a desired area or location [2]. There are two types of beam forming technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna

Kamarudin

2017

IJECE

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5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚. Keyword: 5G INTRODUCTIONWireless communication has undergone a tremendous evolution to meet the demand of high traffic capacity due to the drastic increasing usage of smartphones and mobile electronic devices. Begin from 0G technology since 1970s, followed by 1G,2G, and 3G, until today 4G technology, they show a great development on mobile technology from Radio Common Carrier (0G-RCC) to Long Term Evolution Advance (4G-LTEA). In order to meet the fast growing wireless data capacity demands due to increasing users of smartphones, high growth in web and streaming, 5G technology now are highly given attention and undergo a huge research. The 5G technology has huge data capabilities to support multi-Gbps data rates and has ability to gather unrestricted call volumes as well as infinite data broadcast within latest mobile technology [1]. Therefore millimeter-wave communication systems are required.Millimeter-wave communication systems using narrow beams at the transmitter and receiver, which suppress the interference of neighboring beams. The narrow beam also strongly reduces the angular spread of the incoming waves and the multipath components of millimeter waves to be limited. Therefore, by having the beam forming, beam-forming weights can be adjusted to a desired area or location [2]. There are two types of beam forming technology. The first one is fixed beam forming and another is adaptive beam forming [3]. Adaptive beam forming forms effective beams by adapting beam width and beam direction depending on the surrounding state of radio channels. It requires high hardware complexity and needs extra feedback mechanism for beam forming. While in fixed beam forming, beams with a fixed direction and width are generated. Therefore, switched beam forming is introduced as it is simpler and lesser operation system than adaptive beam forming. The concepts of beam steering or beam shifting are developed for scanning array antennas. Scanning array antennas were developed initially for aircraft, maritime and

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“…5G 후보 기술 중 하나로 논의되고 있는 밀리미터 웨이브 대역의 셀룰러 통신 시스템은 광대역의 주파 수 자원을 활용할 수 있기 때문에 효과적인 셀 용량 증대가 가능하다는 장점을 갖는다 [2][3][4] . 하지만 밀리미 터 웨이브 대역은 기존의 셀룰러 통신 시스템이 사용 하는 주파수 대역과 비교하면 매우 높은 경로 손실을 갖기 때문에 효과적인 셀 용량 증대 및 커버리지 확장 을 위해서는 빔형성 기술이 필수적이다 [5,6] .…”

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A Tx-Rx Beam Tracking Technique for Cellular Communication Systems with a mmWave Link

Kim¹,

Lim²,

Choi³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Informati

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(MS) and a digital beamformer is used at the BS, is proposed using an uplink signal. A technique to select a serving BS with the best beam pair is described using the uplink preamble sequence based on Zadoff-Chu sequence and a metrics which can be used to identify parameters such as beam ID (BID), MS ID (MID), and direction-of-arrival (DoA). The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified via simulation with the spatial channel model (SCM) for a moving MS in mmWave cellular systems.

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An introduction to millimeter-wave mobile broadband systems

Cited by 2,329 publications

References 5 publications

Coverage and rate analysis in the uplink of millimeter wave cellular networks with fractional power control

Coverage and rate analysis in the uplink of millimeter wave cellular networks with fractional power control

5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna

A Tx-Rx Beam Tracking Technique for Cellular Communication Systems with a mmWave Link

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