An introduction to psychology.

Wundt, Wilhelm

doi:10.1037/13784-000

Cited by 184 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…Introspection suggests that when we selectively attend to part of the visual scene we become aware of objects in that region. This was noted by early empirical Psychologists (James, 1890;Wundt, 1912) who proposed a causal link between visual attention and awareness which remains part of many contemporary theories of visual awareness (e.g. Baars' (1998) global workspace theory).…”

Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attended but unseen: Visual attention is not sufficient for visual awareness

2008

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. (2008) 'Attended but unseen : visual attention is not su cient for visual awareness. ', Neuropsychologia., 46 (3). pp. 864-869. Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Figure 1).The rights of our subjects were fully protected, following the procedures laid out by the relevant local ethical committee. All gave informed consent before participating in the studies reported here. Abstract.Does any one psychological process give rise to visual awareness? One candidate is selective attention -when we attend to something it seems we always see it. But if attention can selectively enhance our response to an unseen stimulus then attention cannot be a sufficient precondition for awareness. Kentridge, Heywood & Weiskrantz (1999, 2004) demonstrated just such a dissociation in the blindsight subject GY. Here we test whether the dissociation generalizes to the normal population. We presented observers with pairs of coloured discs, each masked by the subsequent presentation of a coloured annulus. The discs acted as primes, speeding discrimination of the colour of the annulus when they matched in colour and slowing it when they differed. We show that the location of attention modulated the size of this priming effect. However, the primes were rendered invisible by metacontrast-masking and remained unseen despite being attended. Visual attention could therefore facilitate processing of an invisible and cannot, therefore, be a sufficient precondition for visual awareness.

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Section: General Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attended but unseen: Visual attention is not sufficient for visual awareness

2008

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“…Since very early on in the research of emotion valence and arousal have been central to the classification of affective experiences (Wundt, 1912(Wundt, /1924Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957).…”

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confidence: 99%

Norms of valence and arousal for 14,031 Spanish words

et al. 2016

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Most current models of research on emotion recognize valence (how pleasant a stimulus is) and arousal (the level of activation or intensity that a stimulus elicits) as important components in the classification of affective experiences (Barrett, 1998; Kuppens, Tuerlinckx, Russell, & Barrett, 2012). Here we present a set of norms for valence and arousal for a very large set of Spanish words, including items from a variety of frequencies, semantic categories, and parts of speech, including a subset of conjugated verbs. In this regard, we found that there were significant but very small differences between the ratings for conjugations of the same verb, validating the practice of applying the ratings for infinitives to all derived forms of the verb. Our norms show a high degree of reliability and are strongly correlated with those of Redondo, Fraga, Padron, and Comesana's (2007) Spanish version of the influential Affective Norms for English Words (Bradley & Lang, 1999), as well as those from Warriner, Kuperman, and Brysbaert (2013), the largest available set of emotional norms for English words. Additionally, we included measures of word prevalence-that is, the percentage of participants that knew a particular word-for each variable (Keuleers, Stevens, Mandera, & Brysbaert, 2015). Our large set of norms in Spanish not only will facilitate the creation of stimuli and the analysis of texts in that language, but also will be useful for cross-language comparisons and research on emotional aspects of bilingualism. The norms can be downloaded and available as a supplementary materials to this article

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“…Only a few years later, Wundt demonstrated that two mental events occurring closely in time are handled successively (Wundt, 1912). The interference produced on one task by another concurrent task was used as a measure of the common capacity they require (Welch, 1898).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cumulative development of attentional theory.

Posner¹

1982

American Psychologist

310

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This article describes current work in selective attention within a framework derived from important findings extending back over a century. The contributions of Danders, Helmholtz, Pavlov, Sokolov, and Wundt, for example, are deeply embedded in current methods for studying selectivity. The cumulative nature of work on attention is not widely appreciated, in part because of a failure to recognize that the methods used in current studies arose in empirical findings of the past and also because attention is a concept that can be studied at many levels. There is evidence that findings at the level of performance, subjective experience, and neural systems can be linked, even though they are not yet reducible to a single theory. Studies to date reveal some properties of a complex neural mechanism involved in our awareness of a stimulus. The time course of operation of this mechanism can be studied objectively and shown to be related both to changes in performance and to subjective experience. This attentional mechanism is involved in the skilled performance of daily life, but many other systems are also important in determining the degree to which natural tasks can be time shared.

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An introduction to psychology.

Cited by 184 publications

References 0 publications

Attended but unseen: Visual attention is not sufficient for visual awareness

Attended but unseen: Visual attention is not sufficient for visual awareness

Norms of valence and arousal for 14,031 Spanish words

Cumulative development of attentional theory.

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