An Introduction to Subcellular Nanomedicine: Current Trends and Future Developments

D’Souza, Gerard G. M.; Weissig, Volkmar

doi:10.1002/9780470875780.ch1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In contrast, pharmaceutical nanocarriers offer an alternative approach to improve the intracellular disposition of potentially therapeutic compounds. The benefit of this strategy is that all chemistry can be carried out on the components of the nanocarrier, leaving the pharmacological profile of the compound unaltered [ 151 ]. Furthermore, nanocarrier delivery can overcome several limitations for the therapeutic use of free compounds, such as lack of water solubility, non-specific biodistribution and targeting, and low therapeutic indices.…”

Section: Alternative Treatment Strategies That Enhance the Efficacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Strategies that Enhance the Efficacy and Selectivity of Mitochondria-Targeted Anticancer Agents

Modica-Napolitano

Weissig

2015

IJMS

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Nearly a century has passed since Otto Warburg first observed high rates of aerobic glycolysis in a variety of tumor cell types and suggested that this phenomenon might be due to an impaired mitochondrial respiratory capacity in these cells. Subsequently, much has been written about the role of mitochondria in the initiation and/or progression of various forms of cancer, and the possibility of exploiting differences in mitochondrial structure and function between normal and malignant cells as targets for cancer chemotherapy. A number of mitochondria-targeted compounds have shown efficacy in selective cancer cell killing in pre-clinical and early clinical testing, including those that induce mitochondria permeability transition and apoptosis, metabolic inhibitors, and ROS regulators. To date, however, none has exhibited the standards for high selectivity and efficacy and low toxicity necessary to progress beyond phase III clinical trials and be used as a viable, single modality treatment option for human cancers. This review explores alternative treatment strategies that have been shown to enhance the efficacy and selectivity of mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents in vitro and in vivo, and may yet fulfill the clinical promise of exploiting the mitochondrion as a target for cancer chemotherapy.

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Section: Alternative Treatment Strategies That Enhance the Efficacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Strategies that Enhance the Efficacy and Selectivity of Mitochondria-Targeted Anticancer Agents

Modica-Napolitano

Weissig

2015

IJMS

Self Cite

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“…Diverse groups of scientists have taken this approach one step further by targeting to specific sites inside the target cells, where drugs may exert cell-killing activity. As of yet, most of the current nanoparticle formulations are not designed to deliver drugs/DNA to specific organelles inside the cell; pharmaceutical nanotechnology as applied to the level of cell organelles – the subcellular level – is an emerging field in drug delivery systems 11. However, several nanoparticles can be coated with organelle targeting moieties such as the nuclear localization signal (NLS),12 Tat peptide13 or mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS)14 for achieving organelle targeted delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organelle targeting: third level of drug targeting

Sakhrani¹,

Padh²

2013

DDDT

112

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Drug discovery and drug delivery are two main aspects for treatment of a variety of disorders. However, the real bottleneck associated with systemic drug administration is the lack of target-specific affinity toward a pathological site, resulting in systemic toxicity and innumerable other side effects as well as higher dosage requirement for efficacy. An attractive strategy to increase the therapeutic index of a drug is to specifically deliver the therapeutic molecule in its active form, not only into target tissue, nor even to target cells, but more importantly, into the targeted organelle, ie, to its intracellular therapeutic active site. This would ensure improved efficacy and minimize toxicity. Cancer chemotherapy today faces the major challenge of delivering chemotherapeutic drugs exclusively to tumor cells, while sparing normal proliferating cells. Nanoparticles play a crucial role by acting as a vehicle for delivery of drugs to target sites inside tumor cells. In this review, we spotlight active and passive targeting, followed by discussion of the importance of targeting to specific cell organelles and the potential role of cell-penetrating peptides. Finally, the discussion will address the strategies for drug/DNA targeting to lysosomes, mitochondria, nuclei and Golgi/endoplasmic reticulum.

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“…Most nanoparticles created to date have failed to deliver drug material to a particular sub-cellular target organelle. The sub-cellular localization of nano-particulate therapeutic compounds administrate applications is still under progress (D'Souza and Weissig, 2010). Organelle-specific targeting sites, such as TAT CPP (cellular permeating peptides), energy metabolism targeted identification, nanomaterial surfaces, target-specific cell organelles, and nuclear clustering signals are all used to their full capability for drug delivery (Flierl et al, 2003;De la Fuente and Berry, 2005;Kang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Drug Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance

Rhaman

Islam

Akash

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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In recent decades, research scientists, molecular biologists, and pharmacologists have placed a strong emphasis on cutting-edge nanostructured materials technologies to increase medicine delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). The application of nanoscience for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), Huntington’s disease (HD), brain cancer, and hemorrhage has the potential to transform care. Multiple studies have indicated that nanomaterials can be used to successfully treat CNS disorders in the case of neurodegeneration. Nanomedicine development for the cure of degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system is critical. Nanoparticles may act as a drug transporter that can precisely target sick brain sub-regions, boosting therapy success. It is important to develop strategies that can penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and improve the effectiveness of medications. One of the probable tactics is the use of different nanoscale materials. These nano-based pharmaceuticals offer low toxicity, tailored delivery, high stability, and drug loading capacity. They may also increase therapeutic effectiveness. A few examples of the many different kinds and forms of nanomaterials that have been widely employed to treat neurological diseases include quantum dots, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and micelles. These unique qualities, including sensitivity, selectivity, and ability to traverse the BBB when employed in nano-sized particles, make these nanoparticles useful for imaging studies and treatment of NDs. Multifunctional nanoparticles carrying pharmacological medications serve two purposes: they improve medication distribution while also enabling cell dynamics imaging and pharmacokinetic study. However, because of the potential for wide-ranging clinical implications, safety concerns persist, limiting any potential for translation. The evidence for using nanotechnology to create drug delivery systems that could pass across the BBB and deliver therapeutic chemicals to CNS was examined in this study.

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An Introduction to Subcellular Nanomedicine: Current Trends and Future Developments

Cited by 4 publications

References 69 publications

Treatment Strategies that Enhance the Efficacy and Selectivity of Mitochondria-Targeted Anticancer Agents

Treatment Strategies that Enhance the Efficacy and Selectivity of Mitochondria-Targeted Anticancer Agents

Organelle targeting: third level of drug targeting

Exploring the role of nanomedicines for the therapeutic approach of central nervous system dysfunction: At a glance

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