An introduction to the assessment of reliability of the heat supply systems

Determination and Application of Comprehensive Specific Frictional Resistance in Heating Engineering

“…By means of it, heating engineering applications can achieve better economic effects during their lifespan [12][13][14]. The related factors considered in this paper include technology, economy [15,16], operation regulation modes [17,18], pipe segment differences, and the medium pressure [19][20][21][22].…”

Development and sensitivity analysis of a technical object inspection model based on the delay-time concept use

“…degradation processes, environmental conditions, or operator decisions (e.g. [2,3,21,31,42]). For example, the wear processes are the most common cause of damage (about 70-80% of all the occurred failures) in mechanical devices [22,41].…”

Forecasting of failures in district heating systems

“…This model, with engineering accuracy, allows the anticipation of failures. The methods presented are applied to the particular case of heat distribution [2,11,13]. The heat supply system includes three subsystems: the subsystem of heat production, constituting the source of heat (heat and power station, heating station), the subsystem of heat supply (SbHS) which constitutes district heating systems along with utilities, and the subsystem of heat distribution, which includes district heating substation and internal central heating installations [3].…”

“…A district heating system is a repairable structure. However, repair is limited to the exchange of a short section of pipeline or an element of the utilities installed in the network, as a result of which the process of renewal does not significantly influence a change in the reliability properties of the entire system [2,21]. There is a probability of endless failures of a given section, regardless of its length.…”