An Introduction to the Precambrian Petroleum System in the Sankuru‐mbuji‐mayi‐lomami‐lovoy Basin, South‐central Democratic Republic of Congo

Delpomdor, Franck; Bonneville, Steeve; Baert, Kitty; Préat, Alain

doi:10.1111/jpg.12690

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We calculated the peak temperature of the fossil filament (and of the dolomitic shale organic matter away from mycelium/filament structure) to a range between 150° and 250°C (Fig. 3), which is also in line with the Raman-derived temperature calculated for asphaltite inclusions in various BIIc dolostone (27). Note that the dissolution of fungal hypha and chitin was shown both to start at much higher temperature ~250° to 300°C and to complete at 380° to 390°C (28).…”

Section: Organic Matter Ultrastructure In Fossil Filamentsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Rather, we showed that filamentous organic matter has undergone partial kerogenization as a result of advanced diagenesis, which suggests burial over geological time scales. We also found that all organic matter found in the BI-BII groups of MMS, i.e., asphaltite (27), dolomitic shale organic matter (in the vicinity of filamentous networks), and fossil assemblages (37) including our fossil filaments, exhibit the same range of Raman peak temperature of 150° to 250°C, indicating a common thermal exposure. Further, in several ultrathin FIB sections, we detected paragenetic jarosite [KFe 3+ 3 (OH) 6 (SO 4 ) 2 ], quartz around the filament ( fig.…”

Section: Syngeneticity Of the Fossil Filamentssupporting

confidence: 52%

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Molecular identification of fungi microfossils in a Neoproterozoic shale rock

et al. 2020

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Precambrian fossils of fungi are sparse, and the knowledge of their early evolution and the role they played in the colonization of land surface are limited. Here, we report the discovery of fungi fossils in a 810 to 715 million year old dolomitic shale from the Mbuji-Mayi Supergroup, Democratic Republic of Congo. Syngenetically preserved in a transitional, subaerially exposed paleoenvironment, these carbonaceous filaments of ~5 μm in width exhibit low-frequency septation (pseudosepta) and high-angle branching that can form dense interconnected mycelium-like structures. Using an array of microscopic (SEM, TEM, and confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy) and spectroscopic techniques (Raman, FTIR, and XANES), we demonstrated the presence of vestigial chitin in these fossil filaments and document the eukaryotic nature of their precursor. Based on those combined evidences, these fossil filaments and mycelium-like structures are identified as remnants of fungal networks and represent the oldest, molecularly identified remains of Fungi.

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Section: Organic Matter Ultrastructure In Fossil Filamentsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Syngeneticity Of the Fossil Filamentssupporting

confidence: 52%

Molecular identification of fungi microfossils in a Neoproterozoic shale rock

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, the only reported Raman spectrum by ref. 45 on these asphaltites shows a less mature signature than the kerogen in KN 22 and KN23 45 . This excludes contamination of the ICIs during the oil migration episode.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…As Ni-tetrapyrrole are common molecules in Phanerozoic petroleum and can be found up to 1.1 Ga 2 , it is important to assess the syngenicity of the tetrapyrrole recovered in the microfossils. Oil migration from a late Neoproterozoic/Early Paleozoic active petroleum system has been observed in the Sankuru-Mbuji-Mayi-Lomami-Lovoy 45 and is thought to have occurred during the Cambrian-Ordovician. As a result of this late oil migration, solid asphaltites have been reported in the BIIc dolomites in cracks and as inclusions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular bound chlorophyll residues identify 1 Gyr-old fossils as eukaryotic algae

et al. 2022

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The acquisition of photosynthesis is a fundamental step in the evolution of eukaryotes. However, few phototrophic organisms are unambiguously recognized in the Precambrian record. The in situ detection of metabolic byproducts in individual microfossils is the key for the direct identification of their metabolisms. Here, we report a new integrative methodology using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence and absorption. We evidence bound nickel-geoporphyrins moieties in low-grade metamorphic rocks, preserved in situ within cells of a ~1 Gyr-old multicellular eukaryote, Arctacellularia tetragonala. We identify these moieties as chlorophyll derivatives, indicating that A. tetragonala was a phototrophic eukaryote, one of the first unambiguous algae. This new approach, applicable to overmature rocks, creates a strong new proxy to understand the evolution of phototrophy and diversification of early ecosystems.

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“…Its absence on this ridge in combination with the observed important stratigraphic hiatus (i.e. Ocre Sands Formation resting directly on Lukala Subgroup, Delpomdor et al, 2018), suggests substantial (episodic) erosion ascribed to uplift of this region.…”

Section: Geomorphology Of the Lower Congo Regionmentioning

confidence: 89%