3.3.2. Dipoles for Circular Polarization. For applications that require a circularly polarized antenna such as TV and FM broadcasts and space communications, at least two dipoles, each of which has a linear polarization, must be combined in an array, often referred to as crossed dipoles. In a crossed dipole configuration, dipoles are mounted perpendicular to each other for circular polarization or at other angles for elliptical polarization. Currents are fed 901 out of phase between the two dipoles. These can also be used as probes for sensing vector fields to isolate individual components of the electric field. Adaptations of the crossed dipole are shown in Figs. 16a and 16b. Dipole arrays such as the Yagi-Uda can also be combined to provide circular polarization, as shown in Fig. 16c.