An Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell with Good Comprehensive Performance Realized by Reducing the Concentration of Precursors

Abstract

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit great potential for industrial application thanks to their low complexity and low fabrication temperature. Aiming at commercial applications, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the material consumption and its corresponding electrical performance. Here, a simple strategy has been proposed to obtain inverted PSCs with comprehensive performance, that is, reaching an acceptable electrical performance by reducing the usage of perovskite. More precisely, the inverted PSCs, whose perovskite film is prepared by 1.0 M precursor, yields a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.50%, fulfilling the requirement for real commercial application. In addition, the thickness of the electron transport layer (C60 in this work) in the above inverted PSCs was further optimized by comparing the simulated absorption spectrum, J-V characteristics and impedance with three different thicknesses of C60 layer. More excitingly, the optimized device displays high storage stability which maintains more than 90% of its initial PCE for 28 days. Therefore, our work provides a simple and cost-effective method to reach good comprehensive performance of inverted PSCs for commercial applications.

Improving the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Sodium Stearate-Doped PEDOT:PSS as a Hole Transport Layer

“…Recently, perovskite solar cells (PSCs), driven by their exceptional characteristics including high light absorption, high electron mobility, and outstanding optoelectronic properties, have been regarded as a global interesting topic in the academic community. − In general, PSCs contain two architectures, namely, inverted PSCs based on a p–i–n structure and regular PSCs stemmed from a n–i–p structure. , Although the inverted PSCs require further improvement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) when compared to regular PSCs, they still attract great attention due to their low-temperature fabrication ability and large-scale manufacturing process. − For inverted PSCs, a hole transport layer (HTL) is a critical component that can significantly affect charge transport, perovskite growth, as well as electrical properties. − Several materials, including poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), poly­[bis­(4-phenyl)­(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)­amine] (PTAA), and nickel oxide (NiO), have been selected as hole transport materials in inverted PSCs. − Among them, PEDOT:PSS is a favorite hole transport material owing to its cost-effective aqueous preparation, excellent conductivity, and exceptional optical transparency. , However, the PEDOT:PSS material also contains some drawbacks, such as its acidity to corrode the indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, ,, its poor hydrophobicity resulting in moisture absorption, and its inadequate energy level alignment with the perovskite layer leading to a decrease of charge transport capability, that limit its practical applications in the field of inverted PSCs.…”

Heteroatom-Doped Porous Carbon-Based Nanostructures for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

“…Among GHGs, CO 2 alone contributes ~20%; the CO 2 emission level increased from ~390 ppm in 2012 to 420 ppm in 2021, but nearly 1% of this amount is being removed annually [ 1 ]. Finding green energy resources (i.e., fuel cells [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], solar cells [ 11 , 12 ], water electrolysis [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], and batteries [ 17 , 18 ]), CO 2 capture [ 19 , 20 ], and CO 2 conversion [ 1 ] are the main approaches to reducing CO 2 levels in the Earth’s atmosphere. CO 2 can be easily converted to high-value-added chemicals and fuels (i.e., alcohols, acids, CO, and methane) using reforming (i.e., steam and dry), photocatalytic, and biological CO 2 RR [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”