An Investigation Into Some Cerebral Mechanisms Involved in Schedule‐induced Drinking in the Pig

Stephens, D.B.; Ingram, D. L.; Sharman, D. F.

doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1983.sp002755

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Animals fed simultaneously are usually fed twice a day, but with an ESF the sows generally eat the entire ration at one go. The water supply to sows kept individually in stalls was restricted as otherwise the animals would have shown excessive drinking behaviour (Falk, 1971;Stephens et al, 1983;Terlouw et al, 1991;Robert et al, 1993), which could easily have doubled the individual water consumption (Stephens et al, 1983). In agreement with the findings of Van Der Peet-Schwering et al (1997), if kept in groups sows can have ad libitum access to water nipples without drinking an excessive amount (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ammonia emission from individual- and group-housing systems for sows

Groenestein¹,

Hol²,

Vermeer³

et al. 2001

NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences

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Given that freedom of movement improves sows' welfare, the implications for the emission of ammonia of keeping sows in groups instead of individually were investigated. Three housing systems were compared: System A, with 64 sows kept individually in feeding stalls with 2.8 m 2 surface area per sow; System B, with 62 group-housed sows, free access stalls with 3.3 m 2 surface area per sow; System C, with 65 group-housed sows, electronic sow feeders and with 3.4 m 2 surface area per sow. The sows in Systems A and B were fed simultaneously twice a day at 7:30 and 15:30 h. In System C the sows were fed sequentially once a day from 15:30 h onwards.The study was carried out in winter during three one-week periods. Average outdoor temperature was 3.7°C. The average ambient temperatures recorded in the houses were thermoneutral: 19.8°C for System A, 19.2°C for System Band 19.0°C for System C. The average ammonia emission per sow was 0.72, 0.62 and 0.70 g houri for the systems A, Band C, respectively. For the systems A, Band C this implied that 23, 20 and 23% of the nitrogen intake was emitted as ammonia nitrogen, respectively. The emission from System B was significantly less (P<0.05). The diurnal pattern of the ammonia emissions from Systems A and B were biphasic and were related to feeding times. In System C the diurnal pattern had a more monophasic course related to the feeding time in the afternoon with an additional small peak in the morning after the lights were switched on.The diurnal pattern of ammonia emission from sow houses was related to the feeding schedule. Under thermoneutral conditions, giving sows a larger area at their disposal -such as with group housing -did not imply an increase in ammonia emission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ammonia emission from individual- and group-housing systems for sows

Groenestein¹,

Hol²,

Vermeer³

et al. 2001

NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences

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“…Other forms of luxury consumption are a well-known phenomenon in pigs, observed most frequently but not exclusively in adults. Examples include schedule-induced polydipsia and hunger-induced polydipsia ( Stephens et al, 1983 ; Scipioni et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Management Strategies To Improve Abf Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited review: strategic adoption of antibiotic-free pork production: the importance of a holistic approach

Patience

Ramirez

2022

Translational Animal Science

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The discovery of the use of antibiotics to enhance growth in the 1950’s proved to be one of the most dramatic and influential in the history of animal agriculture. Antibiotics have served animal agriculture, as well as human and animal medicine, well for more than seven decades, but emerging from this tremendous success has been the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, human medicine and animal agriculture are being called upon, through legislation and/or marketplace demands, to reduce or eliminate antibiotics as growth promotants and even as therapeutics. As explained in this review, adoption of antibiotic-free pork production would represent a sea change. By identifying key areas requiring attention, the clear message of this review is that success with antibiotic free production, also referred to as “no antibiotics ever,” demands a multifaceted and multidisciplinary approach. Too frequently, the topic has been approached in a piecemeal fashion by considering only one aspect of production, such as the use of certain feed additives or the adjustment in health management. Based on the literature and on practical experience, a more holistic approach is essential. It will require the modification of diet formulations to not only provide essential nutrients and energy, but to also maximize the effectiveness of normal immunological and physiological capabilities that support good health. It must also include the selection of effective non-antibiotic feed additives along with functional ingredients that have been shown to improve the utility and architecture of the gastrointestinal tract, to improve the microbiome and to support the immune system. This holistic approach will require refining animal management strategies, including selection for more robust genetics, greater focus on care during the particularly sensitive perinatal and post-weaning periods, and practices that minimize social and environmental stressors. A clear strategy is needed to reduce pathogen load in the barn, such as greater emphasis on hygiene and biosecurity, adoption of a strategic vaccine program and the universal adoption of all-in-all-out housing. Of course, overall health management of the herd, as well as the details of animal flows, cannot be ignored. These management areas will support the basic biology of the pig in avoiding or, where necessary, overcoming pathogen challenges without the need for antibiotics, or at least with reduced usage.

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“…The growing pig provides a useful subject for studying problems of the interaction between temperature (Mount, et al 1971;Ingram & Stephens, 1979), regimes of feeding (Stephens, Ingram & Sharman, 1983) and water consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Water Availability on Plasma Protein and Sodium Concentration, Haematocrit and Plasma Osmolality in the Pig

Stephens

1985

Exp Physiol

Self Cite

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SUMMARYEighteen young growing pigs of the Large White breed were housed in individual pens or metabolism stands and habituated to drinking their water from a bowl. Those housed in the metabolism stands were surgically fitted with a catheter placed in the jugular vein to allow collection of blood samples. The voluntary intake of water after periods of progressively increasing water deprivation was measured. The measurements were made by allowing the pigs to drink to satiety after either a 2, 4, 8, 12 or 18 h period of water deprivation. Voluntary water intake was a function of the duration of water withdrawal and the rate of intake increased with progressive deprivation. Changes in plasma concentration of sodium and protein, haematocrit and osmolality could be detected after 12 and 18 h of dehydration. The progressive changes in plasma sodium concentration ([Na+]), osmolality, protein concentration and haematocrit during adaptation to dehydration when water was withheld for 72 h were examined in six pigs. Using a technique of continuous blood sampling, the rapid changes in the same blood parameters during rehydration, when water was made freely available at the end of the 72 h period, were also monitored. The [Na+] and osmolality dropped precipitously following the onset of drinking. From the 15 min stage to the 4 h stage with water available ad libitum, the values of both parameters remained below their control levels. However, the plasma protein concentration and the haematocrit values remained significantly above their pre-dehydration control levels up to the 4 h stage, even with water freely available, thus showing that drinking stopped even though the extracellular fluid phase remained dehydrated. Only with food available did the blood measures return to normal. It is concluded that the cellular fluid phase forms an integral part of the mechanisms involved in the termination of drinking in the pig.

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An Investigation Into Some Cerebral Mechanisms Involved in Schedule‐induced Drinking in the Pig

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Ammonia emission from individual- and group-housing systems for sows

Ammonia emission from individual- and group-housing systems for sows

Invited review: strategic adoption of antibiotic-free pork production: the importance of a holistic approach

Effects of Water Availability on Plasma Protein and Sodium Concentration, Haematocrit and Plasma Osmolality in the Pig

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