An investigation into tertiary treatment by rapid filtration

Reclaimed Water Filtration Efficiency and Drip Irrigation Emitter Performance with Different Combinations of Sand and Disc Filters

“…However, as UC S increased further, the medium bulk density increased, and porosity and the space available for precipitation both decreased, which resulted in flow velocity increase and the decrease of the retention ability of the media and removal efficiencies. Therefore, the difference in porosity caused by different sand filter medium grade compositions is an important factor influencing removal efficiency, and finer sand media do not necessarily result in higher removal efficiency (Tebbutt, 1971). As a result, we suggest the UC S of 2.0 as a proper value.…”

“…Sand filter media remove suspended particles (diameters in the range of 3-30 μm) mainly based on precipitation and retention effects. Therefore, the difference in porosity caused by different sand filter medium grade compositions is an important factor influencing removal efficiency, and finer sand media do not necessarily result in higher removal efficiency (Tebbutt, 1971). The retention effect refers to the process of suspended particles travelling along a flow line and being captured by the filtration media (Xu and An, 1992).…”

“…The retention effect refers to the process of suspended particles travelling along a flow line and being captured by the filtration media (Xu and An, 1992). The removal efficiency is not only related to the UC S , but also the sand particle diameter, which decreased as the diameter increased (Ives, 1980;Tebbutt, 1971). However, as UC S increased further, the medium bulk density increased, and porosity and the space available for precipitation both decreased, which resulted in flow velocity increase and the decrease of the retention ability of the media and removal efficiencies.…”

“…The value of 2.0 is the maximal in Figure 2, regardless of the fitting curve. The removal efficiency is not only related to the UC S , but also the sand particle diameter, which decreased as the diameter increased (Ives, 1980;Tebbutt, 1971). A study by Duran-Ros et al (2009) found that the removal efficiencies were 47.3 and 66.63% (d e = 0.30 mm) when the TSS was 10.03 or 6.49 mg l À1 , respectively.…”

Concepção e avaliação do desempenho de um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo dotado de agitação com jatos e decantador de alta taxa tratando esgoto sanitário

“…O tratamento terciário de efluentes sanitários por meio de filtros já era amplamente utilizado na década de 1970, quando a EPA elaborou levantamento que apontou várias estações americanas utilizavam essa tecnologia (USEPA, 1980). Tebutt (1971) relatou que a filtração rápida por gravidade era o método de tratamento terciário mais utilizado à época.…”