An Investigation into the Effects of ‘Gammexane’ on the Larvae, Pupae and Adults of<i>Culicoides Impunctatus</i>Goetghebuer and on the Adults of<i>Culicoides Obsoletus</i>Meigen

Hill, Marjorie A.; Roberts, Enid W.

doi:10.1080/00034983.1947.11685319

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A laboratory‐based trial determined the LC 90 values of a 1.7% concentration of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) and a 0.51% concentration of dieldrin using field‐collected adults (Service, 1968). A second study examined the effect of black cloths impregnated with lindane (γ‐benzene hexachloride [BHC]) and DDT in miscible oil at concentrations ranging from 135–2691 mg/m 2 on landing C. obsoletus in the field (Hill & Roberts, 1947). Although initial kill rates exceeded 95% of exposed individuals, after 12 days the mortality rate was reduced to 52–82% across the concentrations tested and by 26 days post‐application no significant difference was noted between treated and untreated cloths.…”

Section: Adulticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control techniques for Culicoides biting midges and their application in the U.K. and northwestern Palaearctic

Carpenter

Mellor

Torr

2008

Medical Vet Entomology

143

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent emergence of bluetongue virus (Reoviridae: Orbivirus) (BTV) in northern Europe, for the first time in recorded history, has led to an urgent need for methods to control the disease caused by this virus and the midges that spread it. This paper reviews various methods of vector control that have been employed elsewhere and assesses their likely efficacy for controlling vectors of BTV in northern Europe. Methods of controlling Culicoides spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) have included: (a) application of insecticides and pathogens to habitats where larvae develop; (b) environmental interventions to remove larval breeding sites; (c) controlling adult midges by treating either resting sites, such as animal housing, or host animals with insecticides; (d) housing livestock in screened buildings, and (e) using repellents or host kairomones to lure and kill adult midges. The major vectors of BTV in northern Europe are species from the Culicoides obsoletus (Meigen) and Culicoides pulicaris (L.) groups, for which there are scant data on breeding habits, resting behaviour and host‐oriented responses. Consequently, there is little information on which to base a rational strategy for controlling midges or for predicting the likely impact of interventions. However, data extrapolated from the results of vector control operations conducted elsewhere, combined with some assessment of how acceptable or not different methods may be within northern Europe, indicate that the treatment of livestock and animal housing with pyrethroids, the use of midge‐proofed stabling for viraemic or high‐value animals and the promotion of good farm practice to at least partially eliminate local breeding sites are the best options currently available. Research to assess and improve the efficacy of these methods is required and, in the longer term, efforts should be made to develop better bait systems for monitoring and, possibly, controlling midges. All these studies will need better methods of analysing the ecology and behaviour of midges in the field than are currently in use. The paucity of control options and basic knowledge serve to warn us that we must be better prepared for the possible emergence of other midge‐borne diseases, particularly African horse sickness.

show abstract

Section: Adulticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control techniques for Culicoides biting midges and their application in the U.K. and northwestern Palaearctic

Carpenter

Mellor

Torr

2008

Medical Vet Entomology

143

120

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was a period of drought after the treatment of site 2 whilst heavy rain fell after spraying site 1. Hill & Eoberts (1947) found that rain increased the larvicidal action of y BHC miscible oil.…”

Section: Immediate Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and before treatment two soil samples were removed from each. A water-miscible concentrate was used for these experiments since it had been found effective by Hill & Eoberts (1947) and Cameron (1948). Both DDT and y BHC were used at seven dosages-3, 6, 12, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg./sq.…”

Section: Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The widespread use of larval control will be severely limited if this period of application is critical and in these experiments sprays were applied during the autumn and winter. Hill & Eoberts (1947) obtained complete control of C. impunctatus by applying a miscible oil preparation of " Gammexane " at 100 mg./sq. ft. Their spraying was carried out at the end of a long dry spell and they found that under those conditions the larvicidal effect was enhanced by the subsequent rain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Field Tests with Larvicides against Culicoides impunctatus Goetgh. in Scotland

Kettle

Nash

Hopkins

1956

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Field tests were conducted on Soutra Hill (1,100 ft. above M.S.L.) in the winters of 1953–4 and 1954–5 to find a suitable larvicide for controlling Culicoides impunctatus Goetgh. In one trial, four formulations (wettable powder, water-miscible concentrate, oil solution and dust) of DDT and γ BHC were applied to plots (10 × 10 yd.) at dosages of 3, 12, 50 and 200 mg. p.p′DDT or γ BHC/sq. ft., except for the γ BHC dust which was applied at 3, 6, 12 and 25 mg. γ BHC/sq. ft. In a second trial, the larvicidal properties of aldrin, dieldrin and malathion wettable powders, chlordane water-miscible concentrate and malathion emulsi-fiable liquid were investigated at three or four of the following dosages —3, 6, 12. 25 and 50 mg./sq. ft. The conclusions to be drawn from these trials were:—1. DDT was superior to γ BHC at all dosages and in all formulations both in immediate and residual effects.2. For immediate larval control, DDT and γ BHC wettable powders and DDT water-miscible concentrate were effective but γ BHC water-miscible concentrate was relatively ineffective.3. Although all the DDT preparations were effective as residual larvicides, the wettable powder was the most successful.4. For immediate larval control a dosage of 200 mg. p, p′DDT or γ BHC is required. The effect produced by 50 mg./sq. ft. is variable.5. For residual larvicidal action a dosage of 50 mg./sq. ft. is required although 12 mg./sq. ft. may sometimes be effective.6. Both preparations of malathion reduced the initial larval density by just over half but they had no residual effect.7. Chlordane and aldrin achieved an immediate larval reduction of one third but whereas chlordane had a greater residual effect, aldrin was ineffective.8. Dieldrin had very little immediate (20 per cent. control) but considerable residual effect (72 per cent. control).9. Wettable powders are the most successful larvicidal preparations.10. DDT and γ BHC wettable powders at 50 mg. p, p′DDT or γ BHC/sq. ft. are superior to chlordane at the same dosage and slightly better than dieldrin at 25 mg./sq. ft.

show abstract

“…The susceptibility of Culicoides species to insecticides is poorly documented. Only a few publications describe the responses of some Culicoides species to organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids (Hill & Roberts, 1947;Kline & Roberts, 1981;Floore, 1985;Mehlhorn et al, 2008aMehlhorn et al, , 2008bSchmahl et al, 2009aSchmahl et al, , 2009bPapadopoulos et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of Culicoides species biting midges to deltamethrin‐treated nets as determined under laboratory and field conditions in the Balearic Islands, Spain

Río

Barceló

Paredes-Esquivel

et al. 2014

Medical Vet Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are vectors of several arboviruses, including bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV), which cause diseases in, respectively, sheep and cattle, and horses, and have economic repercussions mainly as a result of trade restrictions. Insecticides can be used to reduce vector populations and hence the spread of disease. Despite the economic importance of these diseases, relatively few studies have evaluated the efficacy of commercially available insecticides and the effectiveness of treated nets against Culicoides species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the insecticidal effect of commercially available polyethylene nets (ZeroVector(®) ) treated with deltamethrin (4.4 g/kg ± 15%) on Culicoides species. Laboratory and field trials were conducted in Culicoides populations collected in Majorca in the Balearic Islands, Spain. The present study shows that deltamethrin-treated nets provoke high and rapid mortality (90-100%) in Culicoides midges under laboratory conditions and increase mortality by 13% when deployed in the field.

show abstract

An Investigation into the Effects of ‘Gammexane’ on the Larvae, Pupae and Adults ofCulicoides ImpunctatusGoetghebuer and on the Adults ofCulicoides ObsoletusMeigen

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Control techniques for Culicoides biting midges and their application in the U.K. and northwestern Palaearctic

Control techniques for Culicoides biting midges and their application in the U.K. and northwestern Palaearctic

Field Tests with Larvicides against Culicoides impunctatus Goetgh. in Scotland

Susceptibility of Culicoides species biting midges to deltamethrin‐treated nets as determined under laboratory and field conditions in the Balearic Islands, Spain

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About