“…The AC motor drives, including induction motors (IM), permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives, synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM), and others, have been very popular, being applied to electric vehicles, railway traction engines, and industrial applications such as CNC tools and robots, because they have higher power density and efficiency as compared to DC motor drives [1][2][3][4]. Since the AC motor is a time-varying, multi-variable, and nonlinear control system with very complicated dynamic characteristics, it can be reduced to a simpler linear control system by using the field-oriented vector control method [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”