An investigation into the potential anticaries benefits and contributions to mineral intake of bottled water

Almejrad, Lamya; Levon, John A.; Soto-Rojas, Armando E.; Tang, Qing; Lippert, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.adaj.2020.08.023

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…69 Strategies to improve access to clean, safe water such as water tanker trucks or programs distributing drinking water in containers have synergies with strategies to provide access to high-calcium water for populations vulnerable to low intake and there is potential for collaboration. 11,67,[70][71][72] This is especially relevant for contexts in which tap water is not currently safe for consumption; consuming microbiological clean drinking water could reduce the incidence of diarrhea and other infections. 14 However, if such programs were to be combined to provide clean water that was also high in micronutrients, it would be important to monitor compliance of micronutrient fortification, as well as water safety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Uganda, bottled water is accessed by less than 5% of households 69 . Strategies to improve access to clean, safe water such as water tanker trucks or programs distributing drinking water in containers have synergies with strategies to provide access to high‐calcium water for populations vulnerable to low intake and there is potential for collaboration 11,67,70–72 . This is especially relevant for contexts in which tap water is not currently safe for consumption; consuming microbiological clean drinking water could reduce the incidence of diarrhea and other infections 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Including calcium‐fortified water or flour in modeled diets based on local foods could improve calcium intake for women, adolescent girls, and young children in Bangladesh, Uganda, and Guatemala

Knight

Ferguson

Rana

et al. 2023

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Adequate calcium intake is essential for health, especially for infants, children, adolescents, and women, yet is difficult to achieve with local foods in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Previous analysis found it was not always possible to identify food‐based recommendations (FBRs) that reached the calcium population recommended intake (PRI) for these groups in Bangladesh, Guatemala, and Uganda. We have modeled the potential contribution of calcium‐fortified drinking water or wheat flour to FBR sets, to fill the remaining intake gaps. Optimized diets containing fortified products, with calcium‐rich local foods, achieved the calcium PRI for all target groups. Combining fortified water or flour with FBRs met dietary intake targets for adolescent girls in all geographies and allowed a reduction from 3–4 to the more feasible 1–2 FBRs. Water with a calcium concentration of 100 mg/L with FBRs was sufficient to meet calcium targets in Uganda, but higher concentrations (400–500 mg/L) were mostly required in Guatemala and Bangladesh. Combining calcium‐fortified wheat flour at 400 mg/100 g of flour and the FBR for small fish resulted in diets meeting the calcium PRI in Bangladesh. Calcium‐fortified water or flour could improve calcium intake for vulnerable populations, especially when combined with FBRs based on locally available foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Including calcium‐fortified water or flour in modeled diets based on local foods could improve calcium intake for women, adolescent girls, and young children in Bangladesh, Uganda, and Guatemala

Knight

Ferguson

Rana

et al. 2023

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…To our knowledge, the last Romanian study focusing on this subject dates back to 2004 when Totolici et al [20] stated that only one of the 19 mineral waters investigated revealed a concentration nearing 1 mg/L of F. The F content of bottled mineral or spring drinking water in our study exhibited a wide range, varying from 0.0338 to 4.6262 mg/L. These findings are consistent with studies conducted in other countries worldwide, including Bangkok, Thailand (0.01-0.89 mg/L); Fortaleza, Brazil (0.07-0.63 mg/L); Thessaloniki, Greece (0.05-4.8 mg/L); Suzhou Urban Area, China (0-0.120 mg/L); Indianapolis, U.S. (0.02-1.22 mg/L); and Victoria, Australia (<0.1-1.6 mg/L) [26,[37][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration in Commercially Available Bottled Water in Romania—A Potential Risk Factor for Dental Fluorosis

et al. 2023

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Fluoride (F) ions actively participate in the dental enamel remineralisation process and inhibit the activity of cariogenic bacteria of the oral biofilm. However, increased systemic intake of F during critical periods of amelogenesis can lead to dental fluorosis (DF). The necessity of our study stemmed from the growing consumption of bottled water, as water is one of the primary sources of F in humans, and labelling F concentration is optional. Our aim was to evaluate the F concentration in bottled natural mineral or spring still waters available on the market in Iasi, Romania. We purchased forty different brands of still bottled water from the major grocery stores and tested them using an ion-selective electrode method. The reliability of the data was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), while the differences between the obtained and labelled F values were examined using a paired samples t-test. The tested F levels ranged between 0.0338 and 4.6262 milligrams per litter (mg/L). The majority of the samples, around 85% recorded F values ranging from 0.232 to 0.0338 mg/L, offering slight or no benefit in caries prevention. Another 10% of the samples had F values ranging between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/L and could provide a dental health benefit. A percentage of 5% of the tested samples recorded F levels above the optimal level of 0.7 mg/L, as set by the American Dental Association (ADA) and the United States Department of Health and Human Services (U.S. HHS). This elevated F concentration poses a potential risk for DF in infants and toddlers, indicating that regular consumption of these samples may be unsafe.

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“…The fluoride concentration in bottled waters from the United States is insufficient to contribute to caries prevention, fluoride concentrations were generally low (mean, 0.11 ppm) [ 43 ]. The fluoride concentration in Italian mineral waters is higher in 80% of brands (>0.3 ppm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children: When to Use a Fluoride Toothpaste?

Casaglia

Cassini

Condò

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Fluoride is recommended for its cariostatic effect, but excessive fluoride intake may have health risks. Increased prevalence of dental fluorosis in areas with low fluoride content in drinking water has been attributed to the inappropriate excessive intake of fluoride supplements (tablets and drops) and toothpaste ingestion. The aim of the present study was to estimate the fluoride intake and the risk of fluorosis in children (6 months–6 years) in the Castelli Romani area (province of Rome, Italy), which is volcanic, therefore with a higher concentration of fluorine. Measurements of the fluoride content in drinking water, mineral waters, vegetables and commercial toothpaste for children were performed. The fluoride concentrations of all samples were determined using a Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode (GLP 22, Crison, Esp). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Differences between samples were determined by Student’s t-test. The fluoride content in tap water samples collected from public sources averaged from 0.35 to 1.11 ppm. The Pavona area showed the highest content of fluoride with respect to the others (p ≤ 0.05). The fluoride content in mineral water samples averaged from 0.07 to 1.50 ppm. The fluoride content of some vegetables showed increased mean values when compared to control vegetables (p ≤ 0.05). Within the limitations of the present study, considerations should be made when prescribing fluoride toothpaste for infants (6 months–4 years) in the areas with high fluoride content, because involuntary ingestion is consistent.

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An investigation into the potential anticaries benefits and contributions to mineral intake of bottled water

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Including calcium‐fortified water or flour in modeled diets based on local foods could improve calcium intake for women, adolescent girls, and young children in Bangladesh, Uganda, and Guatemala

Including calcium‐fortified water or flour in modeled diets based on local foods could improve calcium intake for women, adolescent girls, and young children in Bangladesh, Uganda, and Guatemala

Evaluation of Fluoride Concentration in Commercially Available Bottled Water in Romania—A Potential Risk Factor for Dental Fluorosis

Dietary Fluoride Intake by Children: When to Use a Fluoride Toothpaste?

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