An investigation of anomalous osmosis and thermoosmosis

Goldstein, Walter E.; Verhoff, F. H.

doi:10.1002/aic.690210203

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…After the early works, extensive, but not very systematic studies were done [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. A comparison of published results of a large number of authors, the majority of whom employed cellophane or cellulose acetate membranes, reveals qualitative and quantitative differences between the transport coefficients.…”

Section: The Field Becomes Establishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all cases of this membrane, the direction of the flux was from the cold to the hot side, and no inversion of the flux was observed. Goldstein and Verhoff [27] analysed the dependence of the thermo-osmotic flux with the concentration of NaCl and (CH 3 ) 4 NCl in the sulfonic cation-exchange membrane MC 3470. Thermo-osmosis occurred from the cold to the warm solution, with a maximum at a concentration of 0.10 moldm -3 .…”

Section: Impact Of Membrane-systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Goldstein and Verholf [27] measured anomalous osmosis and thermo-osmosis of different permeants in polystyrene-divinyl bezene-sulfonic membranes. They observed a solvent water flux in direction opposite to the thermal driving force.…”

Section: Thermal Osmosisrelation To Other Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-osmosis in Membrane Systems: A Review

Barragán

Kjelstrup

2017

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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We give a first review of experimental results for a phenomenon little explored in the literature, namely thermal osmosis or thermo-osmosis. Such systems are now getting increased attention because of their ability to use waste heat for separation purposes. We show that this volume transport of a solution or a pure liquid caused by a temperature difference across a membrane can be understood as a property of the membrane system, i. e. the membrane with its adjacent solutions. We present experimental values found in the literature of thermo-osmotic coefficients of neutral and hydrophobic as well as charged and hydrophilic membranes, with water and other permeant fluids as well as electrolyte solutions. We propose that the coefficient can be qualitatively explained by a formula that contains the entropy of adsorption of permeant into the membrane, the hydraulic permeability, and a factor that depends on the interface resistance to heat transfer. A variation in the entropy of adsorption with hydrophobic/hydrophilic membranes and structure breaking/structure making cations could then explain the sign of the permeant flux. Systematic experiments in the field are lacking and we propose an experimental program to mend this situation.

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Section: The Field Becomes Establishedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Membrane-systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-osmosis in Membrane Systems: A Review

Barragán

Kjelstrup

2017

Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics

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“…Many topics have been excluded or only lightly touched upon. They include permeation of dilute solutes as in dialysis, anomalous osmosis and thermo-osmosis [62,63]. 'The author's thanks are due to Mr. Ian Brass who carried out the calculations for Table 1 and Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport Through Polymer Membranes from the Liquid Phase

Meares

1979

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Transport from the liquid phase through homogeneous polymeric membranes has several features that distinguish it from gas and vapour permeation. The concentration of permeant in the polymer is usually high and has a large influence on diffusion coefficients. The driving force for transport, the gradient of chemical potential of the liquid, may be controlled by the application of a pressure but the functional form of the dependence of chemical potential on pressure is different in a liquid from that which applies in gas diffusion. Frequently the chemical potential gradients in liquid transport are small. ‐ The driving force may also be controlled by varying the composition of the liquid phases i. e. by setting up an osmotic pressure difference across the membrane. This can only be done with systems of more than one component and the study of transport from the liquid phase therefore leads readily into the study of several simultaneous fluxes and the possibilities of membrane selectivity and separation. ‐ This paper reviews work on the mechanisms of steady flow of, principally, organic liquids through polymer membranes under pressure from the liquid phase into either another liquid phase, as in hyperfiltration, or into a vapour phase as in pervaporation. The transport of a single liquid is considered first Then the flow of binary liquid mixtures is discussed and the mechanisms of separations or organic liquids by hyperfiltration and pervaporation are examined.

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“…Soret coefficients, S*, for aqueous solutions of acetic acid at various concentrations, run in an apparatus of the type of Figure2, equipped with an AP-20 porous septum. All these runs were performed at a 7"av =26.0 °C and with a A T= 10 °C. The point (O) at C0 = 0.11 mol/L represents the value of S' calculated from the data of Figure4.…”

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confidence: 99%