An investigation of continuous-angle laser light scattering

Tsutsui, Kazunori; Koya, Keisuke; Kato, Tadaya

doi:10.1063/1.1149124

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The C * values for the toluene solutions of PS-1, PS-100, PHIC-3, and PHIC-15 were 1.0, 0.04, 0.065, and 0.014 g/100 mL, respectively (9,10). Moreover, PS and PHIC chains could not be adsorbed onto the silica surface from their toluene solutions.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Polymer Depletion-Induced Instability of Silica Suspensions in the Presence of Flexible and Semiflexible Polymers

Yamazaki

Kawaguchi

Kato

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The radii of gyration of PS-1, PS-100, PHIC-3, and PHIC-100 in toluene were determined to be 3.1, 48, 12, and 34 nm, respectively (9,10). The persistence length of PHIC is 37 nm and PHIC samples correspond to semiflexible polymers (10).…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Depletion-Induced Instability of Silica Suspensions in the Presence of Flexible and Semiflexible Polymers

Yamazaki

Kawaguchi

Kato

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…Specific ground characteristics, such as the slope and aspect [25,26], can have an indirect impact on the remotely-sensed DEM quality in regions with high relief, such as dunes. The presence of shadows in the dune face is determined by the steepness (slope) and orientation (aspect) of the topography in relation to the Sun light (for a given Sun altitude and azimuth).…”

Section: D Beach Topography Comparisonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving High Spatial-Resolution Coastal Topography From Sub-meter Satellite Stereo Imagery

et al. 2019

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High spatial resolution coastal Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are crucial to assess coastal vulnerability and hazards such as beach erosion, sedimentation, or inundation due to storm surges and sea level rise. This paper explores the possibility to use high spatial-resolution Pleiades (pixel size = 0.7 m) stereoscopic satellite imagery to retrieve a DEM on sandy coastline. A 40-km coastal stretch in the Southwest of France was selected as a pilot-site to compare topographic measurements obtained from Pleiades satellite imagery, Real Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS) and airborne Light Detection and Ranging System (LiDAR). The derived 2-m Pleiades DEM shows an overall good agreement with concurrent methods (RTK-GPS and LiDAR; correlation coefficient of 0.9), with a vertical Root Mean Squared Error (RMS error) that ranges from 0.35 to 0.48 m, after absolute coregistration to the LiDAR dataset. The largest errors (RMS error > 0.5 m) occurred in the steep dune faces, particularly at shadowed areas. This work shows that DEMs derived from sub-meter satellite imagery capture local morphological features (e.g., berm or dune shape) on a sandy beach, over a large spatial domain.Among topographic survey methods of suitable quality, those based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GPS), such as Real Time Kinematic GPS (RTK-GPS), have been used extensively to map and monitor coastal morphology [2]. Beach topographic surveys using RTK-GPS method can be performed either by walking and carrying a GPS receiver, or driving a mobile unit (e.g., quad bike). In both cases, the vertical precision is approximately 0.05 to 0.1 m, depending on the terrain relief [2]. This method typically requires an intense human effort, which normally is optimized by reducing the number of measurements to a limited number of cross-shore sections of the beach. Nevertheless, this limited spatial coverage results in an incomplete representation of topographic spatial patterns and evolving features, especially in the case of complex topographies such as steep and unconsolidated slopes. In such cases, interpolation methods are typically required, introducing additional uncertainty into the DEM [3].Remote sensing techniques, such as airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), emerge in this context as a solution to overcome the limited spatial coverage of the RTK-GPS method [4][5][6][7][8][9]. The use of airborne LiDAR to measure geomorphological changes in coastal areas is relatively new. This instrumentation acquires millions of x, y, z points per hour, with a horizontal spacing of typically 1 to 3 m. This high spatial resolution, together with the capacity to survey over large areas (from 10 1 to 10 5 m), allows overcoming traditional survey limitations found with RTK-GPS [2]. The vertical accuracy of LiDAR ranges from 0.05 m to 0.15 m [5], which is in the same order as RTK-GPS and appropriate for studying beach morphology. Nonetheless, LiDAR-based DEMs are costly [5,6], which limits the frequent (e.g., monthly or-post-...

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“…The ellipsoidal mirror reflected the scattered light in an angle range of 10-170°. Scattered light from an angle ,10°and from .170°was blocked by a pinhole block and a beam stopper, respectively (27). The scattering cells consisted of polished borosilicate vials (I. D., 10 mm) with stoppers.…”

Section: Continuous-angle Static Light Scattering Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin Particle Formation in Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)

Bromberg¹,

Rashba-Step²,

Scott³

2005

Biophysical Journal

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Protein microspheres are of particular utility in the field of drug delivery. A novel, completely aqueous, process of microsphere fabrication has been devised based on controlled phase separation of protein from water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycols. The fabrication process results in the formation of spherical microparticles with narrow particle size distributions. Cooling of preheated human insulin-poly(ethylene glycol)-water solutions results in the facile formation of insulin particles. To map out the supersaturation conditions conducive to particle nucleation and growth, we determined the temperature- and concentration-dependent boundaries of an equilibrium liquid-solid phase separation. The kinetics of formation of microspheres were followed by dynamic and continuous-angle static light scattering techniques. The presence of PEG at a pH that was close to the protein's isoelectric point resulted in rapid nucleation and growth. The time elapsed from the moment of creation of a supersaturated solution and the detection of a solid phase in the system (the induction period, t(ind)) ranged from tens to several hundreds of seconds. The dependence of t(ind) on supersaturation could be described within the framework of classical nucleation theory, with the time needed for the formation of a critical nucleus (size <10 nm) being much longer than the time of the onset of particle growth. The growth was limited by cluster diffusion kinetics. The interfacial energies of the insulin particles were determined to be 3.2-3.4 and 2.2 mJ/m(2) at equilibrium temperatures of 25 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The insulin particles formed as a result of the process were monodisperse and uniformly spherical, in clear distinction to previously reported processes of microcrystalline insulin particle formation.

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An investigation of continuous-angle laser light scattering

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Polymer Depletion-Induced Instability of Silica Suspensions in the Presence of Flexible and Semiflexible Polymers

Polymer Depletion-Induced Instability of Silica Suspensions in the Presence of Flexible and Semiflexible Polymers

Deriving High Spatial-Resolution Coastal Topography From Sub-meter Satellite Stereo Imagery

Insulin Particle Formation in Supersaturated Aqueous Solutions of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)

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