An investigation of five genetic loci controlling polymorphic variants in the red cells of goats*

Abstract

SummaryResults of a joint study carried out in South Africa and England to search for new genetic markers in the blood of goats are presented. Haemoglobin (Hb) phenotypes were reinvestigated with the technique of isoelectric focusing; frequencies in different goat breeds are given. Anaemic Hb type A, AB and B goats all produced a Hb C with an identical electrophoretic pattern. All goats tested had identical carbonic anhydrase (CA) types, but showed polymorphism of ‘X’ protein. Preliminary results indicated that nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) may be polymorphic.

Blood groups and biochemical polymorphism in the Namaqua sheep breed

“…Sheep of this type lack the dominant secretor gene Z and hence do not express either the R or 0 blood group substances on their red cells (Rendel 1957). Blood group i sheep are relatively rare; none was found in the Dutch rare breeds (Buis & Tucker 1983) and its incidence in other breeds is sporadic, the highest frequencies found so far being in the Dorset Horn breed (Tucker 1975).…”

“…Washed red cells were tested for potassium type (Ke) (Tucker & Ellory 1970), and blood group antigens (Tucker 1971), and haemolysates for nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) (Tucker & Young 1976.1988, carbonic anhydrase (CA) and 'X' protein (X) (Tucker er al. 1967), haemoglobin (Hb) (Tucker et al 1983), NADH-diaphorase (Dia) (Tucker & Crowley 1978), and lysine (Ly) (Ellory et al 1972). Variants were compared with internationally recognized standards.…”

The red cell ‘X’‐protein system in goats: evidence for a third allele in a Malaysian breed

“…1) using ISABR red cell lysates as reference. Two of these phenotypes have been described previously by Tucker et al (1983), and designated 'X' positive and ' X negative. Of the two new phenotypes observed, one is a single band with a faster mobility than 'X' positive.…”

“…Using the techniques of starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing on agarose gels they observed two 'X'-protein phenotypes; one with a single protein band, designated 'X'-protein positive, and one lacking any detectable 'X'-protein band designated 'X'-protein negative. The 'X'-protein in the goat lysates has been shown to have esterase activity (Tucker et al 1983). Barbancho et a f .…”

Search for genetic variation in the blood of Norwegian dairy goats reveals a new polymorphism at the HbβA locus

“…(v/v) red cell lysates were tested for 'X'-protein, carbonic anhydrase (CA), nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) (Tucker & Clarke 1980;Tucker et al 1983) and for phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and acid phosphatase (ACP) (Bengtsson & Sandberg 1973). Haemoglobin (Hb) variation was determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF) over pH range 6-8 (LKB) and 6.7-7-7 (Pharmalyte) and also by the Immobiline technique pH 6.9-7-6 and pH 6.9-7.5 (LKB Application Note 324) but with doubled volumes of Immobiline.…”