An Investigation of Hybrid III and Living Human Drop Tests

Friedman, Keith; Gaston, F.M.F.; Bish, Jack; Friedman, Donald; Sances, Anthony

doi:10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v28.i12.380

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Some of the biofidelity issues of the Hybrid III have been presented and discussed before 12 , related to its high combined head/neck/torso stiffness. In a drop-test setup similar to our reference or (15,0) configuration 10 , a human volunteer's neck flexed, and its head escaped the torso loading path, whereas the Hybrid III neck did not. We observed that only in the 'flexion' configurations was the Hybrid III able to exhibit such significant flexion.…”

Section: Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Complex loading modes are present in a rollover crash due to the combination of roof structure failure, lateral vehicle velocity component prior to rollover and occupant kinematics 6,28 . Although the Hybrid III's behaviour has been evaluated in a range of axial loading conditions 5,10,17,18,23,27,29,[32][33][34]39 , none has quantified the influence of the impact boundary conditions that arise in combination in rollovers: velocity, coronal plane and sagittal plane orientations. The aims of the study were to: (1) develop an impact test representing an inverted occupant in a rollover crash suitable for assessing ATD performance; and (2) assess the biofidelic characteristics of the Hybrid III ATD systematically in inverted drop tests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hybrid III ATD in Inverted Impacts: Influence of Impact Angle on Neck Injury Risk Assessment

et al. 2009

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-The purpose of this paper is to present a protocol of inverted drop-tests using a 50 th percentile Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD) and investigate the influence of angle and velocity at impact on neck injury risk assessment. The tests were based on existing cadaveric experimental protocols for inverted seated positions. In this study selected ATD impact orientations were also assessed in both the sagittal and coronal planes. Twenty-six tests were performed at impact velocities from 1.4 m.s -1 to 3.1 m.s -1 . The drop tests confirmed previously described behaviour of the ATD in axial loading of its head/neck/thorax complex. They also showed a significant influence of the initial impact angle on neck injury criteria currently used by researchers in rollover crashworthiness tests. At 1.4 m.s -1 , the peak upper neck axial force of 4350 N was reduced by an average 1760 N ± 80 N for configurations with 30 degrees initial impact angle in any plane, compared to a reference inverted vertical configuration. The N ij was also significantly influenced. For a given impact velocity, an out-of-both-planes initial configuration resulted in the highest combined outputs. Based on these results, similar dynamic conditions (intrusion velocity, impact duration) may result in significantly different loadings of the Hybrid III neck.

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Section: Comparison With the Literaturementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid III ATD in Inverted Impacts: Influence of Impact Angle on Neck Injury Risk Assessment

et al. 2009

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“…Removal of headliners and adjustment of vertical seat position with electric seats have also been used to provide the demonstration desired [5,6]. There are numerous authors and papers disputing these findings [7][8][9][10][11][12]. However, in this paper, we utilize the Hybrid III dummy as a design tool to evaluate the ability to provide protection to restrained occupants under the rollover impact conditions utilized by Moffatt et al [6] and Bahling et al [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restrained occupant protection performance under rollover conditions using an intelligent rollover protection subsystem

Friedman¹,

Hutchinson²,

Mihora³

2007

International Journal of Crashworthiness

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The evaluation of the biomechanical performance that can be expected by restrained occupants from the incorporation of an intelligent rollover protection subsystem (IRPS) into a production vehicle has been conducted. This paper reports on the evaluation of such a system based on finite element modeling. Finite element models of vehicle designs and the Hybrid III dummy were used to evaluate the subsystem under manufacturer-created rollover conditions for a production roof structure. Results from a rollover crash test of a production vehicle were utilized to validate the model, using the production vehicle crash test. The IRPS design was then integrated with the production vehicle and the results were compared with the baseline neck biomechanical injury measures. Neck loads were utilized to validate the model against the test results. The results of the study show that the IRPS resulted in substantial reduction of head and neck loads with the production roof and even greater reductions with a strengthened roof. The results illustrate opportunities available to improve rollover crashworthiness performance for restrained occupants.

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