An Investigation of Joining Polyamide (PA) to Stainless Steel AISI 316L by Hot Press Process

Abstract

A hot press process was used as a technique to pound a polyamide type of polymer of a thickness (2mm) to stainless steel AISI 316L of the thickness (1mm). A hybrid joint of dissimilar material was accomplished by a hot press bonding process. During the joining process, three different parameters of process were used: processing temperature of 175, 170 and 165°C, processing pressure of 3, 6 and 9 bar and time of 1.5, 3 and 4.5 min. The surface of stainless steel was prepared and treated by a mechanical treatment (surface grinding) to improve the wettability to increase the shear strength. A shear tensile, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) tests were used to investigate and examine the joint (bounding) specimens. The Minitab program was used to analyze the effect of the parameters of the joining process on the joint properties. The maximum and minimum values of shear force are exhibited at a processing temperature of 165°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 1.5 minutes; the minimum shear force was found to be 675 N, while the maximum shear force was 2182 N at a processing temperature of 175°C, applied pressure of 6 bars and processing time of 3 minutes. The tested joints failed by an interfacial shear and necking in the polymer side with a ductile fracture. The joining process occurred through a mechanical interlocking between the molten polymer and the treated surface of the steel specimen. The average thickness of the joining line for the tested specimens was 8µm.

Influence of Welding Parameters on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Similar Low-Carbon Steel AISI 1005 Welding by Resistance Spot Welding

“…In recent times, the Automotive industries have employed new materials to enhance the safety of vehicle components at a low cost; also, by increasing the material's properties, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio and enhancing performance, these new materials help produce cars with more fuel efficiently [1][2][3]. The main objective of choosing new materials is to resolve present challenges before manufacturing.…”

Process Parameters Influence the Mechanical Properties and Nugget Diameter of AISI 316 Stainless Steel During Resistance Spot Welding

“…Notably, the common applications of RSW are railway vehicles, appliances, buses, truck trailers, recreational vehicles, and office furniture. RSW is also applied in space and aeronautical applications [4][5][6] and can be used to weld similar and dissimilar metals [7][8][9]. For example, an aluminium joint can be joined to steel by RSW [10][11][12].…”

Joining of Polymer to Aluminum Alloy AA1050 By Friction Spot Welding

“…Hybrid joining is necessary to produce a lightweight of dissimilar materials having high strength, corrosion resistance, toughness and conductivity [2]. Many kinds of joining processes depend upon the different mechanical and physical characteristics between the polymer and the metal, which are bonded: adhesive bonding, laser direct joining, hot press bonding process, injection clinching joining, ultrasonic staking and friction spot welding [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Friction Spot welding is used for joining similar and dissimilar materials [10].…”