An investigation of lipase catalysed sonochemical synthesis: A review

Abstract

Ultrasonic irradiation has recently gained attention of researchers for its process intensification in numerous reactions. Earlier ultrasound was known for its application either to deactivate enzyme activity or to disrupt the cell. However, in recent years, practice of ultrasonic irradiation began to emerge as a tool for the activation of the enzymes under mild frequency conditions. The incorporation of ultrasound in any of enzymatic reactions not only increases yield but also accelerates the rate of reaction in the presence of mild conditions with better yield and less side-products. To attain maximum yield, it is crucial to understand the mechanism and effect of sonication on reaction especially for the lipase enzyme. Thus, the influence of ultrasound irradiation on reaction yield for different parameters including temperature, enzyme concentration, mole ratio of substrates, solvents ultrasonic frequency and power was reviewed and discussed. The physical effect of cavitation determined by bubble dynamics and rate of reaction through kinetic modelling also needs to be assessed for complete investigation and scale up of synthesis. Thus, prudish utilisation of ultrasound for enzymatic synthesis can serve better future for sustainable and green chemistry.

Immobilization of Eversa Lipase on Octyl Agarose Beads and Preliminary Characterization of Stability and Activity Features

“…Lipases are very interesting enzymes in biocatalysis due to their broad substrate specificity, their selectivity and high stability, combined in many instances with a very high enantio or regio selectivity and specificity [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Moreover, they can perform their function in a wide diversity of reaction media [11][12][13].…”

Application of Response Surface Methodology for Lipase Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl Palmitate in a Solvent Free System Using Ultrasound

“…The high ultrasound power and duty cycle decrease the percentage conversion, which is attributed to the inactivation of lipase due to excess of ultrasound waves (Bansode & Rathod, 2017). Figure 7 shows the interaction between molar ratio and duty cycle by keeping other factors at their centre values.…”

“…However, there are several reports showing the inactivation of enzyme because of the high intensity of ultrasound. Therefore, the study of optimum frequency and ultrasound intensity is essential for enzymatic reaction (Rokhina et al, 2009, Gogate & Kabadi, 2009Bansode & Rathod, 2017). Ultrasound radiations enhance the diffusion of reactants into the enzymes as well as renew the interface by jets formed during cavitation.…”

Obtenção de Lipases Microbianas: Uma Breve Revisão

“…However, the high costs of production and operational difficulties of these biocatalysts has limited its use. This fact has boosting many research related (aditivos para modificação de aromas), farmacêutica (medicamentos), química fina (síntese deésteres), produção de detergentes (hidrólise de gorduras), tratamentos deáguas residuais (decomposição de substâncias oleaginosas), produção de biodiesel, bem como em ensaios biomédicos [9,10].…”

“…Nosúltimos anos, visando minimizar a formação de produtos indesejáveis durante os processos reacionais e, em geral, atender aos conceitos da química verde, a utilização de lipases em processos industriais tem sido fortemente encorajada em substituição aos processos químicos convencionais [10,11]. Entretanto, os altos custos envolvidos e as dificuldades operacionais para produção e utilização destas enzimas, frequentemente, limitam seu uso [12].…”