“…For the more complex heterogeneous scattering bodies, variational methods are easier to be formulated and simulated. However, most of the present published work concentrates on bounded dielectric obstacles with perfectly conducting boundaries [7,8,17,19,20]. In this paper, we are interested in the cavity-backed scattering problems, in which a nonhomogeneous cavity is buried in the infinite ground plane, rendering the problem domain unbounded.…”