An investigation of refractive index anomalies at the surfaces of glass objects and windows

Zoro, J.A.; Locke, John; Day, R.S.; Badmus, O.; Perryman, A.C.

doi:10.1016/0379-0738(88)90085-0

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Examination of data confirmed earlier work by Zoro et al [18]. The variation of refractive index inherent within float glass objects is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The consequences of potentially differing distributions of the refractive indices of glass fragments from control and recovered sources

Newton¹,

Curran²,

Triggs³

et al. 2004

Forensic Science International

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“…Examination of data confirmed earlier work by Zoro et al [18]. The variation of refractive index inherent within float glass objects is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Since it is known that the refractive index of the surfaces differ from the bulk RI, this will lead to an increase in variability of the recovered group [18].…”

Section: Welch's Modification To Student's T-testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences of potentially differing distributions of the refractive indices of glass fragments from control and recovered sources

Newton¹,

Curran²,

Triggs³

et al. 2004

Forensic Science International

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“…For both surfaces, the variance in RI data was greater than that exhibited for the bulk glass, with the variance in the float surface greater than that for the nonfloat surface. These findings are consistent with literature reports (22–24). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

An Investigation into the Spatial Elemental Distribution Within a Pane of Glass by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Coumbaros

Denman

Kirkbride³

et al. 2008

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Advances in the technology employed for the manufacture of glass have resulted in a final glass product with little variability in terms of its physical and optical properties. For example, the refractive index of Australian float glass tends to lie between 1.5189 and 1.5194. It has therefore become necessary to complement physical and optical methods for forensic glass comparison with instrumental elemental analyses. In a previous study, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry has been shown to offer potential for the analysis of glass particles as small as a few tens of microns across. In this study, the three-dimensional homogeneity of a sheet of float glass is described, and consequences for forensic elemental analysis of glass particles of such size are explored. Variation in Si, Ca, Mg, and Na levels immediately under the nonfloat surface was observed, with the variance accompanied by a decrease in refractive index.

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“…Locke and Hayes (7) reported standard deviation estimates across the thickness of glasses from a variety of sources: toughened motor vehicle windscreen, 0.00006 and 0.00016; toughened business window, 0.00018; non-toughened float window, 0.00005; non-toughened business window, 0.00008 and 0.00013. A standard deviation estimate of 0.00008 for non-float flat glass (surface and bulk refractive indices combined) was reported by Zoro and eo-workers in 1988 (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Sample Size Considerations for Control Glass in Casework

Sandercock¹

2000

Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal

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The variation in the refractive index of control glass samples submitted from scenes of crime was investigated. Refractive index data was compiled for four types of flat glass: toughened float glass, non-toughened float glass, non-float glass, and wired glass. From the case data, additional control glass samples for each type of glass were simulated. This was done by standardizing and pooling the data for each type of glass and then drawing a predetermined number of measurements from a given data pool. The mean, estimate of the standard deviation, and 95% and 99% confidence intervals were calculated from these larger sets of simulated, numerical data. The statistical results for each type of glass examined were tabulated and worked examples based on the data are provided. The author suggests that, as a guideline, a minimum of 17 refractive index measurements be made when sampling a toughened float glass control, and a minimum of nine refractive index measurements be made when sampling a non-toughened float glass control.

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An investigation of refractive index anomalies at the surfaces of glass objects and windows

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

The consequences of potentially differing distributions of the refractive indices of glass fragments from control and recovered sources

The consequences of potentially differing distributions of the refractive indices of glass fragments from control and recovered sources

An Investigation into the Spatial Elemental Distribution Within a Pane of Glass by Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Sample Size Considerations for Control Glass in Casework

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