An investigation of the effect of the nearest surroundings on the formation of V Lα emission bands for solid solutions of rare earth orthovanadates—orthophosphates

The electronic structure and chemical bonding of vitamin B 12

“…It is found though that this ratio is much smaller in pure 3d-metals due to strong Coster-Kronig processes of the kind L 2 L 3 M 4,5 [13,14]. The probability for non-radiative L 2 L 3 M 4,5 Coster-Kronig transitions is lower for 3d oxides than for metals [15] due to the localized character of d-states and the absence of electron-hole pairs near the Fermi level as well as due to collective 3d electron excitations [16]. It has been shown that the I(L 2 )/I(L 3 ) ratio can be used as a tool for the determination of the oxidation state of 3d-ions in compounds [10].…”