An Investigation of the Etiology of Viral Respiratory Disease in a Remount Depot1

Hofer, Benedikt; Steck, F; Gerber, H; Löhrer, J.; Nicolet, Jacques; Paccaud, M. F.

doi:10.1159/000393567

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…The isolation and characterization of ERAV were first reported in the United Kingdom in 1962 (33). Subsequently, ERAV has been isolated from horses worldwide (5,12,15; M. J. Studdert and L. J. Gleeson, Letter, Aust. Vet.…”

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Sequence Conservation and Antigenic Variation of the Structural Proteins of Equine Rhinitis A Virus

Varrasso

Drummer

Huang

et al. 2001

J Virol

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The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the P1 region of the genomes of 10 independent equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) isolates were determined and found to be very closely related. A panel of seven monoclonal antibodies to the prototype virus ERAV.393/76 that bound to nonneutralization epitopes conserved among all 10 isolates was raised. In serum neutralization assays, rabbit polyclonal sera and sera from naturally and experimentally infected horses reacted in a consistent and discriminating manner with the 10 isolates, which indicated the existence of variation in the neutralization epitopes of these viruses.Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1 [22,23,48]) was recently renamed and reclassified in the genus Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae (17) and is among many viruses that cause respiratory disease in horses worldwide. ERAV is emerging as a serious pathogen of horses (4, 23), and has also been shown previously to infect humans and other species (3,32,34,42). The isolation and characterization of ERAV were first reported in the United Kingdom in 1962 (33). Subsequently, ERAV has been isolated from horses worldwide (5, 12, 15; M. J. Studdert and L. J. Gleeson, Letter, Aust. Vet. J. 53:452, 1977). Most isolations of equine rhinitis viruses have come from the nasopharynx of horses with acute febrile respiratory disease. However, horses may carry and shed virus in their urine and feces for up to 4 weeks postinfection (28,33). Seroepidemiologic studies indicate that morbidity rates may reach 50%, particularly where older horses are the majority of the population tested (3, 42).Amino acid substitutions in picornavirus capsid proteins, particularly in the surface loops of the capsid protein VP1, are responsible for the antigenic variation seen between serotypes and strains (9,20,30). Antigenic variation has important implications in the design of effective vaccines to control infection and reinfection and also in the design of diagnostic tests able to detect all serotypes and strains of these viruses. To understand the antigenic relationships between different ERAV isolates, we have determined the nucleotide sequences of the P1 region of 10 ERAV isolates from Australia, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and the United States (Table 1) and developed a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to probe the antigenic relationships between these viruses.The nucleotide sequence of the complete viral capsid protein coding region (P1 region) was determined for 10 ERAV isolates, of which eight sequences were previously unknown (967/90, 360007, 544/82, 4066/79, V1722/70, P200/75, P346/75, and P1316/92). The nucleotide sequence of ERAV.PERV/62 contained five nucleotides that differed from the published sequence (48), and there were 14 nucleotide differences between the ERAV.393/76 sequence obtained for this study and the original published sequence (22). Considerable variability was found at the nucleotide level, with identities ranging between 79.6 and 96.6% among the 10 isolates (...

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confidence: 99%

Sequence Conservation and Antigenic Variation of the Structural Proteins of Equine Rhinitis A Virus

Varrasso

Drummer

Huang

et al. 2001

J Virol

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“…Auf Grund von Sequenzanalysen wurde dieser Serotyp 1 umbenannt in Equines Rhinitis A Virus (ERAV) (Li et al 1996, Wutz et al 1996 (Plummer 1962(Plummer , 1963. Seit dieser Zeit haben alle diesbezüglichen Untersuchungen in verschiedenen Ländern der meisten Kontinente z. T. sehr hohe Durchseuchungsprozentsätze auf Basis Seroprävalenz nachgewiesen (McPherson 1965, Bachmann et al 1972, Hofer et al 1973, Studdert and Gleeson 1978, Goerlich 1988, Wissing 1993, Ditchfield und Feng et al 1997 (Plummer 1962(Plummer , 1963 (Hofer et al 1973, Becker et al 1974, Dunowska 2002, 2002a, Quinlivan 2005 (Plummer 1963, Bachmann et al 1972, Hofer et al 1973, Becker et al 1974, Teufel 1977, McCollum und Willoughby et al 1992, Timoney 1992, Feng et al 1996,1997, Klaey et al 1998. Die Dauer der Erkrankung hängt vom Umfang der Schonung des betroffenen Pferdes sowie dem der bakteriellen Komplikationen ab.…”

Section: Equine Rhinitis A-und Equine Rhinitis B Virenunclassified

“…Möglicherweise wird die Rhinovirusinfektion auch in Folge nachgewiesener Misch-oder Doppelinfektionen mit anderen Virusarten aktiviert (Thein 1978, Sugiura et al 1989, Jensen-Waern et al 1998, Dunowska 2002,2002a, Quinlivan 2005 (Hofer et al 1973). Auch hier wäre eine Impfindikation denkbar.…”

Section: Equine Rhinitis A-und Equine Rhinitis B Virenunclassified

Virusinfections of the respiratory tract in horses – etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immune response and defen- se – Part 2: Equine adenoviruses, Equine rhinitis A und B viruses, Mammalian reoviruses and Parainfluenza Virus type 3

Thein¹

2013

PHK

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“…Equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV) infection of horses occurs worldwide and is recognized as a cause of acute respiratory disease with symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, coughing and pharyngitis (Ditchfield & MacPherson, 1965;Hofer et al, 1973;Holmes et al, 1978;Plummer, 1962;Studdert & Gleeson, 1977). ERAV belongs to the family of Picornaviridae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of the equine rhinitis A virus capsid: identification of a major neutralizing immunogenic site

Kriegshäuser

Wutz

Lea

et al. 2003

Journal of General Virology

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Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were employed to select neutralization escape mutants of equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV). Amino acid changes in the ERAV mutants resulting in resistance to neutralization were identified in capsid protein VP1 at Lys-114, Pro-240 and Thr-241. Although the changes were located in different parts of the polypeptide chain, these mutants exhibited cross-resistance against all four mAbs employed, indicating that these residues contribute to a single immunogenic site. To explain this result, we constructed a model of the three-dimensional structure of the ERAV capsid based on comparison with the closely related foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV O 1 ). According to this model, VP1 is folded so that Lys-114 is in the bE-bF loop of the polypeptide chain at a considerable distance from Pro-240 and Trp-241 in the C-terminal region. However, around the fivefold axis of symmetry, the C terminus of VP1 in each protomer extends to the bE-bF loop of the adjacent VP1 in the next protomer. We therefore propose that the immunogenic site in ERAV is formed as a result of the close proximity of the Lys-114 residue in the bE-bF loop of one VP1 molecule and of the Pro-240/Thr-241 residues in the adjacent VP1 polypeptide chain. In terms of the overall architecture of the viral capsid structure, this site in ERAV most closely resembles the immunogenic site 1 of FMDV O 1 .

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An Investigation of the Etiology of Viral Respiratory Disease in a Remount Depot1

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Sequence Conservation and Antigenic Variation of the Structural Proteins of Equine Rhinitis A Virus

Sequence Conservation and Antigenic Variation of the Structural Proteins of Equine Rhinitis A Virus

Virusinfections of the respiratory tract in horses – etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immune response and defen- se – Part 2: Equine adenoviruses, Equine rhinitis A und B viruses, Mammalian reoviruses and Parainfluenza Virus type 3

Model of the equine rhinitis A virus capsid: identification of a major neutralizing immunogenic site

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