An Investigation of the Fluid Dynamics Aspects of Thin Liquid Film Protection Schemes for Inertial Fusion Energy Reactor Chambers

Yoda, Minami; Abdel‐Khalik, S. I.; Team, Aries-Ife

doi:10.13182/fst04-a583

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Water liquid film was emitted from a 35-mmwide slit with a 0.5-mm gap and then flowed down along two 350-mm-long knife-edge guides. Many previous studies about the thin liquid film first wall, the film thickness was assumed between 0.5 mm and 1 mm [9,11,22,23]. To obtain enough gap and flow-width, gap and flow-length ratio, in this experimental, 0.5 mm was assumed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on flow instability for feasibility of a thin liquid film first wall

Okino

Kasada

Konishi

2014

Fusion Engineering and Design

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This study proposes a probability of the evaporated gas that agitates a growing instability wave in a thin liquid film first wall. The liquid first wall was considered to be in vacuum and the effect of the ambient gas was neglected but the evaporated gas by the high energy fluxes is a probable cause of unstable wave agitation. The criterion is approximately expressed by the density ratio (Q 2) and the Weber number (We) as Q 2 × We 0.5 ≈ 5 × 10-4. Performed indirect experimental supported this criterion. For a case study of liquid Pb-17Li film with a velocity of 10 m/s, the evaporated gas pressure must be below 6.2 × 10 3 Pa to maintain stable conditions. By recent study, this pressure is generated at 1600K temperature and it is believed to be attainable by the energy fluxes on the first wall. This result is so far not confirmed so the full verification by experimental is to be performed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ying, Abdou [9] studied the criteria for fluid stability using the Reynolds number and the Weber number. Reperan, Yoda et al [10,11] observed flat flow stability and detachment, and Kondo, Suzuki et al [12,13] observed wave height distributions. Kunugi, Kawara et al studied the design concept of stable free flow [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on flow instability for feasibility of a thin liquid film first wall

Okino

Kasada

Konishi

2014

Fusion Engineering and Design

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“…If it is desired to keep the film in laminar flow the maximum permissible flow velocity will be such that th� Reynolds number Re stays below a value of 2000. Experiments have been carried out to study different aspects of both free flowing and solid-backed films of lithium and other fluids [14][15][16].…”

Section: B Flowing Lithium Filmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the case of condensing films, dripping or motion due to creep are a concern, while for flowing films detachment from the substrate is to be avoided [14].…”

Section: Description Of Lilifexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an experimental test stand for the study of liquid lithium film stability

Nieto-Pérez

Ramos

2011

2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering

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The benefits of having the walls of fusion devices partially or even totally covered with lithium are widely recognized, as evidenced by the growing number of experimental devices with programs devoted to lithium wall conditioning.There are, however, many outstanding questions regarding technology aspects of lithium handling when placed in a tokamak experiment. The present work describes the preliminary design activities of a test facility devoted to the study of liquid lithium, in particular film stability when thermal gradients are present on downward-facing surfaces. The capability of studying the effect of thermodynamic compatibility between the liquid and the substarte will also be possible in this facility. Two mechanisms for film formation are being considered: condensed films formed from evaporative material, and creeping films formed by flow of metal from a liquid reservoir. Results from finite element modeling for stagnant and flowing films coupled with thermal effects are presented; these simulations will be bench marked against experimental observations once the facility is constructed.The facility will also have the capability of studying MHD effects, since it will be attached to the TPM-IU tokamak, a small machine currently under construction. The expected TPM-IU toroidal field is expected to be on the order of 0.3 T. The coupling of the liquid lithium test stand to the small tokamak will allow the study of liquid lithium flows subjected to full toroidal fields, with no end effects as in previous experiments.

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“…The model flow for the wetted wall concept is essentially a variation of the classic Rayleigh-Taylor instability where a "heavy" fluid (i.e., molten lead) lies above a lighter fluid (i.e., chamb er gas) in a gravitational field pointing downwards with continuous transpiration through and normal to a bounding wall above the heavy fluid. The Georgia Tech group has carried out extensive numerical 19,20 and experimental studies to investigate liquid films on the underside of horizontal and inclined porous walls with injection through the wall. This section briefly reviews recent experimental and numerical studies for validating a numerical code based on a level contour reconstruction front tracking technique.…”

Section: Iiia Wetted Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Georgia Tech Studies on the Fluid Dynamics Aspects of Liquid Protection Schemes for Fusion Reactors

Abdel‐Khalik

Yoda

2005

Fusion Science and Technology

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This paper provides an overview of experimental and numerical studies conducted at Georgia Tech to assess the fluid dynamics aspects of liquid protection schemes for fusion energy reactors. The problems described here include: (1) Dynamics of slab jets for thick liquid protection, including the effect of nozzle design, flow conditioning, and boundary layer cutting on jet surface smoothness; (2) Primary turbulent breakup of turbulent liquid s heets and forced thin liquid films, and quantification of the associated hydrodynamic source term; (3) Dynamics of forced films on downward-facing flat and curved surfaces, including film detachment and flow around beam ports; (4) Free-surface topology and drop detachment from downward-facing porous wetted walls; and (5) Thermocapillary effects and associated design constraints for liquid-film-protected divertors and first walls. The experimental data and validated numerical models developed in these studies allow reactor designers to identify design windows for successful operation of liquid-protected first walls and plasma facing components in inertial and magnetic confinement systems.

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An Investigation of the Fluid Dynamics Aspects of Thin Liquid Film Protection Schemes for Inertial Fusion Energy Reactor Chambers

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Study on flow instability for feasibility of a thin liquid film first wall

Study on flow instability for feasibility of a thin liquid film first wall

Design of an experimental test stand for the study of liquid lithium film stability

An Overview of Georgia Tech Studies on the Fluid Dynamics Aspects of Liquid Protection Schemes for Fusion Reactors

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