An investigation of the impact and penetration of solids of revolution into soft earth

Experimental-theoretical study of the penetration of rigid projectiles and identification of soil properties

“…The determining relations between the bulk strain ε = 1 − ρ 0 /ρ and the soil pressure p were obtained using the dependence f 1 ≡ M ε n (M and n are constants) [33] at p = 0.01-1.00 MPa, the dependence f 1 ≡ ρ 0 a 2 ε/(1 − bε) 2 [34][35][36] at p > 150 MPa, and an interpolating cubic polynomial [46,47,50] at p = 1-150 MPa. Bulk unloading of soils is approximated with sufficient accuracy for practical applications by the linear pressure-density relation determined by the tangent to the shock adiabat at a certain limiting (hydrodynamic) point ρ ∞ = 2.5 g/cm 3 ; the shear modulus is proportional to the unloading modulus [42,51].…”

“…The use of a modified Kolsky method [38, 39] with a system of split Hopkinson bar to study the compressibility and plastic properties of soil is restricted by the elastic limit of the material of the measuring bar and holders, which does not exceed 0.5 GPa. Thus, at present, effective methods for studying physicomechanical properties of soil over a wide range of pressure have been developed insufficiently.It seems promising to extend the experimental-computation approach of [40] to study soil properties under dynamic loading using well-known soil models [41,42], methods of mathematical modeling of impact and penetration of deformable projectiles in soil [42][43][44][45][46][47], and data of reversed experiments [10,11]. The dependence of the penetration resistance on the parameters of the soft soil model has been studied previously.…”

“…It seems promising to extend the experimental-computation approach of [40] to study soil properties under dynamic loading using well-known soil models [41,42], methods of mathematical modeling of impact and penetration of deformable projectiles in soil [42][43][44][45][46][47], and data of reversed experiments [10,11]. The dependence of the penetration resistance on the parameters of the soft soil model has been studied previously.…”

Engineering models of high speed penetration into geological shields

“…Free surface effect was taken into account by Aptukov [68] in the framework of spherical cavity expansion model. Kotov et al [69]; Bazhenov et al [70]; Kotov [71] analyzed applicability of some simplified models using results of numerical simulation and experiments. Hankins et al [72] suggested a penetration model of the type given by Eq.…”

Solution of problems of oblique penetration of axisymmetric projectiles into soft soil based on local interaction models

“…The solution of the non-axisymmetric problem in accordance with the well known algorithm 55 reduces to the combined solution of a number of axisymmetric problems, the techniques for the solution of which are fairly well developed at the present time. 4,5,56,57 The axisymmetric problems ( Fig. 1, b) in a cylindrical system of coordinates rOx (Oz is the axis of symmetry) are formulated by splitting the projectile and the half space of the soil medium by the planes zOϕ i (Fig.…”