An Investigation of the Relationships among Negative Affect, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, and Features of Borderline Personality Disorder

Salsman, Nicholas L.; Linehan, Marsha M.

doi:10.1007/s10862-012-9275-8

Cited by 109 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Consistent with this notion are studies indicating that higher self-reported and clinician-rated levels of BPD symptoms are associated with a lower frequency of using cognitive reappraisal, problem-solving, and acceptance [26-30]. Associations have also been found between higher BPD symptoms and more frequent utilization of suppression, rumination, and avoidance [9, 10, 31-34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Borderline Personality Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Associations with Potentially Harmful Behaviors

Daros¹,

Guevara²,

Uliaszek³

et al. 2018

Psychopathology

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Background: Although difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are considered a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD), the specific strategies that individuals with BPD most commonly use, their diagnostic specificity, and their associations with harmful behaviors have not been firmly established. Sampling and Methods: Individuals with BPD (n = 30), mixed anxiety and/or depressive disorders (MAD; n = 30), and healthy controls (HC; n = 32) completed questionnaires assessing both cognitive ER strategies (e.g., cognitive reappraisal) and potentially harmful behaviors that individuals might use to regulate their emotions (e.g., self-injury). Results: BPD subjects endorsed more maladaptive cognitive ER strategies and fewer adaptive strategies compared to HC. Compared to MAD subjects, BPD individuals endorsed more maladaptive cognitive ER strategies, but only when those with subthreshold symptoms in the MAD group were excluded. BPD also endorsed engaging in potentially harmful behaviors more often than both HC and MAD. Discriminant analysis revealed that MAD endorsed lower rates of problem-solving and cognitive reappraisal compared to both HC and BPD. Higher maladaptive and lower adaptive ER strategies were associated with higher rates of potentially harmful behaviors, although the specific strategies differed for MAD versus BPD. Conclusions: BPD and MAD endorse cognitive ER strategies with a comparable frequency, although BPD subjects engage in potentially harmful behaviors more often. Subthreshold BPD symptoms may also affect rates of ER strategy use in individuals with other mental disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Borderline Personality Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Associations with Potentially Harmful Behaviors

Daros¹,

Guevara²,

Uliaszek³

et al. 2018

Psychopathology

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“…Furthermore, future studies should examine potential moderators on emotional recovery in BPD. Both “maladaptive” (i.e., disordered eating and substance abuse; Sansone, Chu, Wiederman, & Lam, 2011) and “adaptive” (i.e., cognitive reappraisal; Salsman & Linehan, 2012) BPD-relevant behaviors should be assessed, as they may shed light on what HCs do to facilitate emotional recovery that individuals with BPD may not do, and whether BPD-relevant maladaptive behaviors function to facilitate emotional recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive examination of delayed emotional recovery in borderline personality disorder

Fitzpatrick

Kuo

2015

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Background and Objectives Despite growing attention to emotion processes in borderline personality disorder (BPD), little research has examined delayed emotional recovery (i.e., long-lasting emotions after the termination of an emotionally evocative stimulus) in this population. The extant data on delayed emotional recovery in BPD are limited by a lack of assessment across a range of indices and emotions. The present study addresses these gaps by comparing emotional recovery between individuals with BPD, social anxiety disorder (SAD), and healthy controls (HCs) using a multi-modal assessment approach. Methods Participants underwent fear, anger, and sadness inductions followed by a 5-minute “washout” phase wherein emotional recovery was assessed via self-report, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and skin conductance responses (SCR). Results After controlling for state dissociation, the BPD and SAD group exhibited decreases in RSA, while the HC group showed no changes in RSA after the anger induction only. Groups did not differ in rate of emotional recovery across self-report, RSA, or SCR after fear and sadness inductions. Limitations The present study is limited by a solely female and small sample, and the short time frame in which emotional recovery was assessed. Conclusions Findings indicate that individuals with BPD generally do not exhibit delayed emotional recovery, but may show decreases in parasympathetic activity during the recovery period after experiencing anger. However, this pattern may not be specific to this disorder.

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“…BPD has been conceptualized as chronic emotion dysregulation; individuals with BPD or high in BPD features demonstrate the tendency to respond to negative emotions with numerous maladaptive strategies (Salsman & Linehan, 2012;Selby, Anestis, Bender, & Joiner, 2009). These include behaviors, such as impulsive and self-destructive actions (Bornovalova et al, 2005;Gratz, Breetz, & Tull, 2010; and avoidance of goal-directed behavior (Gratz, Rosenthal, Tull, Lejuez, & Gunderson, 2006), as well as cognitive processes, such as rumination (Baer & Sauer, 2011) and decreased present-centered awareness and acceptance .…”

Section: Dysfunctional Responses To Emotion Mediate the Cross-sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysfunctional Responses to Emotion Mediate the Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Rejection Sensitivity and Borderline Personality Features

Peters¹,

Smart²,

Baer³

2015

Journal of Personality Disorders

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A growing body of evidence has tied borderline personality disorder (BPD) to heightened sensitivity to rejection; however, mechanisms through which rejection sensitivity contributes to BPD features have not been identified. Rejection may lead to the dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies common in BPD, such as impulsive responses to distress, anger rumination, difficulties engaging in goal-oriented behavior, nonacceptance of emotions, and low emotional clarity. The present study used self-report measures and bootstrapping procedures to investigate the role of difficulties in emotional regulation in the relationship between rejection sensitivity and borderline personality features in a cross-sectional sample of 410 undergraduates. Difficulties in emotion regulation accounted for significant variance in the relationships between rejection sensitivity and BPD features, with varying sets of deficits in emotion regulation skills accounting for associations with specific BPD features. Potential clinical implications and the need for replication in longitudinal studies are discussed.

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An Investigation of the Relationships among Negative Affect, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, and Features of Borderline Personality Disorder

Cited by 109 publications

References 32 publications

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Borderline Personality Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Associations with Potentially Harmful Behaviors

Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Borderline Personality Disorder: Diagnostic Comparisons and Associations with Potentially Harmful Behaviors

A comprehensive examination of delayed emotional recovery in borderline personality disorder

Dysfunctional Responses to Emotion Mediate the Cross-Sectional Relationship Between Rejection Sensitivity and Borderline Personality Features

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