The selection of information is considered in terms of a process necessary for information to become conscious owing to the limited memory of consciousness and the discrete and slow conditions under which it functions. Literature data and the results of the author's own observations on the neurophysiological structure of conscious and unconscious processes are given. The advantages of conscious information over unconscious information are pointed out. These advantages stem from the possibility of its participating in the voluntary regulation of the functions of the body and the organization of abstract-verbal means of communication.A physiological definition of consciousness should be based on conceptions of the relationship between conscious and unconscious mental processes, whose evolution has a quite considerable history. This problem has been the focus of attention of various psychological and physiological schools and currents, beginning with experimental psychology in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries [5,7,10,18]. After a period of ideological attacks by behaviorism, which regarded consciousness as an epiphenomenon, anti-Freudianism, and other currents, a revived interest in conscious and unconscious forms of human activity is Russian text 0 1990 by "Nauka" Publishers and "Zhumal vysshei nervnoi "Soznanie i seleksiia infamatsii." Zh. Vyssh. Nerv. Deiat. Pavlov, 1990, A publication of the Department of Physiology, USSR Academy of Scienux. deiatel'nosti imeni I.P. Pavlova."