An Investigation of Titanium/Silicon Oxide‐CNTs Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Discovering a high-performance (high rate capability, high specific capacity, and good stability) anode material for automobile battery applications is a great challenge. A titanium/silicon oxide-CNTs (Ti m Si n O l -CNTs) is synthesized and tested as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. High specific capacity (278 mAhg À 1 at 100 mA g À 1 ), high rate capability (156 mAh g À 1 at 4000 mA g À 1 ), and good stability (maintains 278 mAhg À 1 after 200 cycles) are reached over Ti m Si n O l -CNTs. The as-synthesized Ti m Si n O l -CNTs has a particle structure that Ti m Si n O l encapsulates CNTs with CNTs ends stretching out of the particles. In the Ti m Si n O l phase, the TiO 2 crystal seeds are formed and encapsulated in amorphous SiO y boundaries, which have sub-nano pores. The high performance properties of Ti m Si n O l -CNTs could come from the synergetic combination of (1) the excellent electronic conductivity of CNTs and the amorphous carbon in Ti m Si n O l -CNTs, (2) the high Li + intaking capability of the TiO 2 crystal seeds, (3) the high electrochemical activity of SiO y , (4) the high Li + insertion/extraction kinetics in the small TiO 2 crystal seeds and the amorphous SiO y with sub-nano pores, and (5) the high volume change tolerance offered by the CNTs binder and the amorphous SiO y .

Electrochemical coupling in subnanometer pores/channels for rechargeable batteries

“…14b). 634 The advantages of SNPCs have also been reported for other conversion-based anodes including silicon oxide, 635 SnO 2 , 636 and others high capacity conversion-based anodes with SNPCs can be expected in the following research.…”

“…15f), which could accelerate the transport of Zn 2+ via electrostatic effects while reducing the water molecules in the Zn 2+ solvation shell. 635 Therefore, the VRM@Zn anode delivered excellent cycling stability for 5000 cycles at 1A g À1 . The feasibility of protective coating layers for Zn metal anodes could be further extended to other SNPC based materials.…”