An investigation on NH3 emissions and particulate NH4+–NO3− formation in East Asia

Kim, J.Y.; Song, Chul H.; Ghim, Young Sung; Won, Jong-Seob; Yoon, Soon‐Chang; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Woo, Jung‐Hun

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.048

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As mentioned in Sect. 2.3, the use of the official ACE-ASIA NH 3 emission inventory tended to result in over-predictions of the particulate NH 4 NO 3 concentrations (Kim et al, 2006). Such over-predictions can cause low biases over CEC and SC during the fall and winter episodes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NH 3 emission used in this study was estimated by taking four major sources into account: i) fertilizer applications, ii) livestock-farming (animal excreta and manures), iii) biomass/bio-fuel burnings, and iv) industrial combustion . According to Kim et al (2006), the use of the ACE-ASIA NH 3 emission inventory in the CTM simulations over East Asia resulted in over-predictions of the particulate NH 4 NO 3 concentrations, which strongly suggests that the NH 3 emissions of the official ACE-ASIA inventory are overestimated. This issue will be further discussed in Sect.…”

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation into seasonal and regional aerosol characteristics in East Asia using model-predicted and remotely-sensed aerosol properties

et al. 2008

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Abstract. In this study, the spatio-temporal and seasonal distributions of EOS/Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) over East Asia were analyzed in conjunction with US EPA Models-3/CMAQ v4.3 modeling. In this study, two MODIS AOD products (τ MODIS : τ M−BAER and τ NASA ) retrieved through a modified Bremen Aerosol Retrieval (M-BAER) algorithm and NASA collection 5 (C005) algorithm were compared with the AOD (τ CMAQ ) that was calculated from the US EPA Models-3/CMAQ model simulations. In general, the CMAQ-predicted AOD values captured the spatial and temporal variations of the two MODIS AOD products over East Asia reasonably well. Since τ MODIS cannot provide information on the aerosol chemical composition in the atmosphere, different aerosol formation characteristics in different regions and different seasons in East Asia cannot be described or identified by τ MODIS itself. Therefore, the seasonally and regionally varying aerosol formation and distribution characteristics were investigated by the US EPA Models-3/CMAQ v4.3 model simulations. The contribution of each particulate chemical species to τ MODIS and τ CMAQ showed strong spatial, temporal and seasonal variCorrespondence to: C. H. Song (chsong@gist.ac.kr) ations. For example, during the summer episode, τ MODIS and τ CMAQ were mainly raised due to high concentrations of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 over Chinese urban and industrial centers and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) over the southern parts of China, whereas during the late fall and winter episodes, τ MODIS and τ CMAQ were higher due largely to high levels of NH 4 NO 3 formed over the urban and industrial centers, as well as in areas with high NH 3 emissions. τ CMAQ was in general larger than τ MODIS during the year, except for spring. The high biases (τ CMAQ >τ MODIS ) may be due to the excessive formation of both (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 (summer episode) and NH 4 NO 3 (fall and winter episodes) over China, possibly from the use of overestimated values for NH 3 emissions in the CMAQ modeling. According to CMAQ modeling, particulate NH 4 NO 3 made a 14% (summer) to 54% (winter) contribution to σ ext and τ CMAQ . Therefore, the importance of NH 4 NO 3 in estimating τ should not be ignored, particularly in studies of the East Asian air quality. In addition, the accuracy of τ M−BAER and τ NASA was evaluated by a comparison with the AOD (τ AERONET ) from the AERONET sites in East Asia. Both τ M−BAER and τ NASA showed a strong correlation with τ AERONET around the 1:1 line (R=0.79), indicating promising potential for the application of both the M-BAER and NASA aerosol retrieval algorithms to satellite-based air quality monitoring studies in East Asia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into seasonal and regional aerosol characteristics in East Asia using model-predicted and remotely-sensed aerosol properties

et al. 2008

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“…3 presents C HNO 3 and the Ca 2+ + concentrations measured by TRACE-P DC-8 Flights #9 and #13 over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea (see panels (c) and (g)). As presented in panels (d) and (h), the air masses originated from the Gobi desert and the arid areas in Inner Mongolia, and then passed through the highly polluted, high NO x and NH 3 emission areas in China such as Beijing, Tianjin, Qingdao, Dalian, Nanjing, and Shanghai, as well as various Chinese agricultural areas (Kim et al, 2006). The high levels of Ca 2+ + indicate that the air masses intercepted by DC-8 Flights #9 and #13 contained high levels of dust particles.…”

Section: Hno 3 Concentration In the Gas Phase (C Hno 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over such areas, HNO 3 can be depleted by the reaction of HNO 3 (g)+ +NH 3 (g) → NH 4 NO 3 (aerosol). For example, East Asia has large NH 3 emissions (Kim et al, 2006). Fig.…”

Section: Hno 3 Concentration In the Gas Phase (C Hno 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Three Factors Influencing Uptake Rates of Nitric Acid onto Dust Particles

Song¹,

Kim²

2011

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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Recent studies have indicated that the observed nitric acid (HNO 3 ) uptake rates (R HNO 3 ) onto dust particles are much slower than R HNO 3 used in the previous modeling studies. Three factors that possibly affect R HNO 3 onto dust particles are discussed in this study:(1) the magnitude of reaction probability of HNO 3 (γ HNO 3 ), (2) aerosol surface areas, and (3) gas-phase HNO 3 mixing ratio. Through the discussion presented here, it is shown that the use of accurate γ HNO 3 is of primary importance. We suggest that the use of γ HNO 3 values between ~10-3 and ~10 -5 produces more realistic results than the use of γ HNO 3 values betweeñ 10 -1 and ~10 -2 does, more accurately modeling the nitrate formation characteristics on/in dust particles. We also discuss two different types of aerosol surface area, active and geometric, since the use of different aerosol surface areas often leads to an erroneous result in R HNO 3 . In addition, the levels of the gas-phase HNO 3 are investigated with the example cases of TRACE-P DC-8 flights in East Asia. The HNO 3 levels were found to be relatively high, indicating that they can not limit nitrate formation in dust particles.

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“…However, recent simulations including the GEOS-Chem, CHASER and CMAQ models, have greatly overestimated nitrate levels in China, with predicted levels reaching four times of the observed annual concentration (Sudo et al 2002;Kim et al 2006;Wang et al 2013). This suggests shortcomings in our current under standing of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) cycle and related processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Possible Missing Sinks of Nitrate and Its Precursors in Current Air Quality Models —A Case Simulation in the Pearl River Delta, China, Using an Observation-Based Box Model

Dong

Zeng

et al. 2015

SOLA

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Nitrate and its precursor (gaseous HNO 3 ) in China are generally overestimated by current chemical transport models in comparison to in-situ observations. In this study, we used an observation-based box model and in-situ measurements at a rural site in southern China to investigate possible missing sinks of nitrate. We found that a heterogeneous reaction of HNO 3 to NO x on soot can better balance the NO x /HNO 3 chemistry in models and improve model performance with regard to nitrate, particularly where an additional HONO source (the heterogeneous reaction of NO 2 on soot) is incorporated into current models. Through a series of sensitivity simulations, the uptake coefficients of heterogeneous reactions were suggested to be 3.0 × 10 −3 and 1 × 10 −4 for HNO 3 and HONO over southern China in fall, respectively. A 3-D simulation with the suggested uptake coefficients further confirmed that heterogeneous reactions significantly decreased the nitrate concentrations (PNO 3 ) in southern China, by up to 10 μg m −3 (50%−80% of simulated PNO 3 ) in polluted regions (e.g., the Yangtze River). In contrast to nitrate and HNO 3 , NO x concentrations in China were enhanced, which partly explained the underestimation of NO 2 in current models compared to satellite observations.(Citation: Li, J., H. B. Dong, Z. F. Wang, Yele Sun, and Pingqing Fu, 2015: Exploring possible missing sinks of nitrate and its precursors in current air quality models-A case simulation in Pearl River delta of China using an observation-based box model.

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An investigation on NH3 emissions and particulate NH4+–NO3− formation in East Asia

Cited by 61 publications

References 23 publications

An investigation into seasonal and regional aerosol characteristics in East Asia using model-predicted and remotely-sensed aerosol properties

An investigation into seasonal and regional aerosol characteristics in East Asia using model-predicted and remotely-sensed aerosol properties

A Study on Three Factors Influencing Uptake Rates of Nitric Acid onto Dust Particles

Exploring Possible Missing Sinks of Nitrate and Its Precursors in Current Air Quality Models —A Case Simulation in the Pearl River Delta, China, Using an Observation-Based Box Model

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