An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

Stephen, J Pearton; Hemanth, D. Jude

doi:10.1002/mmce.21960

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…In order to minimize the RF exposure to the human body, many techniques can be considered such as adding an appropriate RF shield [40], designing different metamaterials [41], or reducing nearfield radiation [42] by adding it into the objective function of the beamforming optimization problem. Finally, the average radiated power from the communication device can be controlled to reduce the RF exposure [43].…”

Section: Rf Exposure Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Circularly Polarized Phased Sub-Array Antennas for 5g Laptop Devices Investigating the Radiation Effects

Mahmoud¹,

Baz²,

Alhakami³

et al. 2021

PIER C

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In this paper, the performance of circularly polarized (CP) adaptive sub-arrays integrated into 5G laptop device is investigated in the presence of a whole-body human phantom model. In addition, the radiation effect of the steered beam patterns has been analyzed by calculating the specific absorption rate distribution and temperature rise. In this target, a single-feed CP antenna element has been firstly designed to resonate at 28 GHz with high realized gain and radiation efficiency. Then, 4 subarrays have been constructed in a rectangular configuration with four-elements for each sub-array. To let the study more realistic, a complete human model is considered to investigate the radiation effects. The measured reflection coefficient and realized gain results of the designed antenna element are found to be −30 dB and 7.82 dB, respectively, in the assigned frequency band. Likewise, the antennas sub-arrays have approximately kept the same impedance matching attitude with high insertion loss of −22 dB and a realized gain and radiation efficiency of 16.85 dB and 86%, respectively, on average. Furthermore, the sub-arrays scan patterns and coverage efficiency have been studied considering the existence of the human body in different scenarios. Regarding the RF exposure, the results show that the resultant maximum values of specific absorption rate and power density do not exceed 1.52 W/kg and 3.5 W/m 2 , respectively, whereas the maximum exposure temperature in such a case is less than 2.8 • C after 30 minutes and decreases to 0.5 • C after a penetration depth of 3 mm which reflects the possibility of safe use.

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Section: Rf Exposure Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Circularly Polarized Phased Sub-Array Antennas for 5g Laptop Devices Investigating the Radiation Effects

Mahmoud¹,

Baz²,

Alhakami³

et al. 2021

PIER C

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show abstract

“…Several techniques, including the use of reflectors [44], RF shielding with ferrite and conductive materials [45], and the use of highly directional antennas [46], have been utilized to reduce SAR. Recently, metamaterials like AMC, SRR, and EBG are investigated to block electromagnetic waves towards the human body and to reduce SAR [47][48][49].…”

Section: Metamaterials For the Reduction Of Specific Absorption Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces

Kamal¹,

Ali²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Metamaterials - History, Current State, Applications, and Perspectives

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Metamaterials are efficiently homogenizable arrangements of artificial structural components engineered to achieve beneficial and exotic electromagnetic (EM) properties not found in natural materials. Metasurfaces are the two-dimensional analogue of metamaterials consisting of single-layer or multi-layer stacks of planar structures. Both metamaterials and metasurfaces have great potential to be used in a wide range of applications, e.g., antennas, polarization converters, radar cross section (RCS) reduction, and absorbers, to control the amplitude, phase and polarization of the reflected and transmitted EM waves. This chapter presents a brief overview of the known types and applications of metamaterials/metasurface followed by comprehensive analysis of these surfaces for antennas performance enhancement, polarization conversion, RCS reduction, and wave absorption.

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“…Ferrites are produced by mixing the iron oxide with other metal oxides. Table 2 shows the properties of a group of conductive and dielectric materials which can be effective for RF Shielding [12]. Table 3 shows the properties of a ferrite which can be used for RF shielding [12].…”

Section: Conductive Ferrite and Dielectric Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Specific Absorption Rate: A Review Article

Hediya

Attiya

El-Deeb

2022

The Egyptian International Journal of Engineering Sciences and

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This paper presents a generic review of various methods performed to acquire a low SAR for antennas in different applications. While the SAR is minimized, various parameters such as bandwidth, gain, directivity, efficiency, and antenna size are also taken into consideration. However, it is not possible to achieve desirable results for all these parameters together. Thus, the SAR limitations include an imbalance between one or more of these parameters depending on the technique which is used to reduce the SAR. Different techniques are used in SAR reduction like reflectors, designing a highly directive antenna, RF shielding using conductive and ferrite materials, RF shielding using Metamaterials such as AMC, DGS, SRR and EBG, or by using two or more methods simultaneously which is called hybrid method. Each of these types has its advantages and disadvantages that distinguish it from other types and determine the appropriate application for the use of this type. This paper highlights most common SAR reduction techniques, and investigates the differences between them to make it easy for the researcher to select the proper type for each application. As well as, it presents a survey of the researches development of each methods during the past years and introduces a comparison between these researches from several aspects. A survey is also conducted for some recent research that achieves the required SAR value within MIMO systems. MIMO systems represent a key technology for 5G communications. Finally, a proposal was made for using hybrid method with MIMO antenna system to achieve low SAR with a highly performance.

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An investigation on specific absorption rate reduction materials with human tissue cube for biomedical applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

The Performance of Circularly Polarized Phased Sub-Array Antennas for 5g Laptop Devices Investigating the Radiation Effects

The Performance of Circularly Polarized Phased Sub-Array Antennas for 5g Laptop Devices Investigating the Radiation Effects

Applications of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces

Reduction of Specific Absorption Rate: A Review Article

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