In the present paper, the vibrational and buckling characteristics of nanotubes with various boundary conditions are investigated considering the coupled e®ects of nonlocal elasticity and surface e®ects, including surface elasticity and surface tension. The nonlocal Eringen theory is adopted to consider the e®ect of small scale size, and the Gurtin-Murdoch model the surface e®ect. Hamilton's principle is employed to formulate the governing equation and di®erential transformation method (DTM) is utilized to obtain the natural frequency and critical buckling load of nanotubes with various boundary conditions. The results obtained match the available ones in the literature. Detailed mathematical derivations are presented and numerical investigations are performed. The emphasis is placed on the e®ects of several parameters, such as the nonlocal parameter, surface e®ect, aspect ratio, mode number and beam size, on the normalized natural frequencies and critical buckling loads of the nanotube. It is explicitly shown that the vibration and buckling of a nanotube is signi¯cantly in°uenced by these e®ects. Numerical results are presented which may serve as benchmarks for future analysis of nanotubes.