An investigation on the potential of bio-based polymers for use in polymer gear transmissions

Zorko, Damijan; Demšar, Ivan; Tavčar, Jože

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106994

Cited by 38 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Polymer gears are used widely in many engineering applications, such as office appliances, mechatronic devices, household facilities, computer and laboratory equipment, medical instruments, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. These polymer gears can be produced by classical cutting processes or, for large series production, by injection moulding [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Wear Behaviour of Coated Polymer Gears

et al. 2021

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A comprehensive experimental investigation of the wear behaviour of coated spur polymer gears made of POM is performed in this study. The three physical vapour deposition (PVD) coatings investigated were aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), and chromium nitrite (CrN). Al was deposited in three process steps: By plasma activation, metallisation of Al by the magnetron sputtering process, and by plasma polymerisation. Cr deposition was performed in only one step, namely, the metallization of Cr by the magnetron sputtering process. The deposition of CrN was carried out in two steps: the first involved the metallization of Cr by the magnetron sputtering process while the second step, vapour deposition, involved the reactive metallisation of Cr with nitrogen, also by the magnetron sputtering process. The gears were tested on an in-house developed testing rig for different torques (16, 20, 24 and 30 Nm) and rotational speed of 1000 rpm. The duration of the experiments was set to 13 h, when the tooth thickness, and, consequently, the wear of the tooth flank was recorded. The experimental results showed that the influence of metallisation with aluminium, chromium, and chromium nitrite surface coatings on the wear behaviour of the analysed polymer gear is not significant. This is probably due to the fact that the analysed coatings were, in all cases, very thin (less than 500 nm), and therefore did not influence the wear resistance significantly. In that respect, an additional testing using thicker coatings should be applied in the further research work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of the Wear Behaviour of Coated Polymer Gears

et al. 2021

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“…By using the accelerated testing method, the time and cost of gear testing could be significantly reduced [ 69 ]. Poorer mechanical properties of polymer gears at higher temperatures are an important limitation [ 67 , 70 ]. Advanced numerical simulations and experiments have been performed to better understand heat generation and dissipation [ 71 ].…”

Section: Project Description and Applied Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agile Development of Polymer Power Transmission Systems for e-Mobility—A Novel Methodology Based on an e-Bike Drive Case Study

et al. 2022

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The market for electric bicycles has grown extremely and developed rapidly in recent years. To enter such a market with a new product, the development process has to be fast, and throughout the process, feedback from future potential customer(s) should be sought in order to achieve the best possible market acceptance. The article presents the design process of a pedelec e-bike central drive system. The authors were members of the development team and the designers of the mechanical transmission, and therefore had a good overview of the whole project. The development process and the set-up of production require a certain amount of time, during which design changes are inevitable due to changes in customer expectations and demands. The development team should respond to these changes and take them into account during development. Only the ability to react to changes and constant communication with the customer will ultimately lead to a product that can be commercially successful. Based on a critical review of the successfully completed project, general guidelines were established for the development of mechatronic products that consider the principles of Agile methodology. Particular attention was paid to the development of polymer gears, as these were the most demanding components in the system. The presented guidelines were based on an overview of the e-bike R&D process presented, but they can be generalized and used in the development process of any technical physical product. Agile methods were developed in the field of software development and therefore cannot be directly transferred to the field of physical product development. The article highlights and discusses individual special features that distinguish agile development of physical products from software development.

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“…The goal is to replace as many synthetic polymers as possible with biopolymers. An example of this is the study by Zorko et al [ 40 ], in which fossil-based polyoxymethylene (POM) and polyamide 66 (PA66) were replaced in a polymer gearbox with a bio-based PA6.10.…”

Section: Biopolymer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Parts Made from Advanced Biopolymers

et al. 2023

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Over the past few decades, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a reliable tool for prototyping and low-volume production. In recent years, the market share of such products has increased rapidly as these manufacturing concepts allow for greater part complexity compared to conventional manufacturing technologies. Furthermore, as recyclability and biocompatibility have become more important in material selection, biopolymers have also become widely used in AM. This article provides an overview of AM with advanced biopolymers in fields from medicine to food packaging. Various AM technologies are presented, focusing on the biopolymers used, selected part fabrication strategies, and influential parameters of the technologies presented. It should be emphasized that inkjet bioprinting, stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion-based bioprinting, and scaffold-free printing are the most commonly used AM technologies for the production of parts from advanced biopolymers. Achievable part complexity will be discussed with emphasis on manufacturable features, layer thickness, production accuracy, materials applied, and part strength in correlation with key AM technologies and their parameters crucial for producing representative examples, anatomical models, specialized medical instruments, medical implants, time-dependent prosthetic features, etc. Future trends of advanced biopolymers focused on establishing target-time-dependent part properties through 4D additive manufacturing are also discussed.

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An investigation on the potential of bio-based polymers for use in polymer gear transmissions

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Experimental Investigation of the Wear Behaviour of Coated Polymer Gears

Experimental Investigation of the Wear Behaviour of Coated Polymer Gears

Agile Development of Polymer Power Transmission Systems for e-Mobility—A Novel Methodology Based on an e-Bike Drive Case Study

Influence of Process Parameters on the Characteristics of Additively Manufactured Parts Made from Advanced Biopolymers

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