An iridium-iridium oxide electrode forin vivomonitoring of blood pH changes

Abstract

An iridium-iridium oxide electrode for in vivo monitoring of blood pH changes is described. Because of its small size, sensitivity, flexibility, strength and fast response, this electrode is suitable for acute implantation even in the small vessels of animals such as rats or guinea pigs, allowing continuous pH monitoring anywhere in the central arteries or veins. Excellent noise-free records have been obtained in the in vivo experiments in animals.

Spatiotemporal pH dynamics following insertion of neural microelectrode arrays

“…Measurement of pH in vivo is possible through a number of methods, including colorimetric indicators (LaManna et al, 1986), ion-selective microelectrodes based on H + -sensitive glass (Caldwell, 1954), liquid membranes (Ammann et al, 1981), and metal-oxides (Fog and Buck, 1984;Kinlen et al, 1994;Papeschi et al, 1981). While each has strengths and weaknesses, batch fabrication processes provide a unique opportunity to develop multiple metal-oxide sensors on a single neural probe.…”

Iridium Oxidation as Observed by Surface Interrogation Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy

“…Iridium oxide films are important in electrochemistry because of their applications to dimensionally stable anodes (DSA) for the OER, , their use as pH sensors in vivo , , and their electrocatalytic activity . Surface characterization of iridium oxide films is typically carried out by voltammetry, − spectroscopy. , or a combination of both .…”

Development of SPEEK-Coated IrOx Sensor for High-Biomass Aquatic pH Monitoring

“…Iridium oxide (IrO x ) pH electrodes have garnered acclaim for their durability, miniaturization ease, compact design, rapid response, and resilience to high temperatures and pressures, , making them a central subject of research. Since the pioneering publication by Papeschi et al in 1981, the subsequent four decades have given rise to nearly a thousand kindred studies. Yet, the instances of such electrodes genuinely suited for continuous in situ pH monitoring in aquatic ecosystems remain strikingly scant, with the majority of research still confined within laboratory conditions.…”