Escherichia coli lactose permease (also referred to as lactose carrier) is an integral protein of the cytoplasmic membrane. Using lactose permease either radiolabeled biosynthetically in plasmid-bearing E. coli minicells or radioalkylated post-synthetically by chemical modification, we have determined sites on the membrane-bound protein accessible to proteolytic attack and we have characterized several high-molecular-mass products.The most prominent polypeptide obtained from lactose permease radiolabeled biosynthetically is observed after digestion with different proteases. The fragment produced by thermolysin was shown to contain the intact N-terminus and to extend into the region around amino acid residue 140 which, according to secondary structure models, is presumed to be less tightly folded than the rest of the molecule. Evidence is presented that the corresponding fragments obtained after digestion with several other proteases also originate from the N-terminal part of the protein. This N-terminal segment of the lactose carrier is resistant to proteolytic digestion even in the presence of non-ionic detergents and it may represent a tightly folded domain. Additional proteolytic cleavage sites located C-terminal of the Cys14' residue can be inferred.Escherichia coli lactose permease, an integral protein of the cytoplasmic membrane, functions as a lactose :proton symporter [l]. The extremely hydrophobic carrier consists of 417 amino acid residues [2] and is synthesized without a transient N-terminal peptide extension [3], as has also been found for several other integral proteins of the E. coli cytoplasmic membrane [4].Detailed kinetic studies, purification, functional reconstitution and analysis of structure-function relationship of the lactose carrier have been performed (reviewed in [5, 61). Based on theoretical considerations and on physicochemical studies, a highly folded structure has been proposed for E. coli lactose permease comprising up to 14 membrane-spanning a-helices [7 -91.In the study of membrane proteins, proteases have been employed to distinguish between domains protruding from the membrane and regions embedded in the lipid bilayer and hence shielded against proteolytic attack [lo, 111. Moreover, sensitivity to different proteases has been used to compare the membrane organisation of mature bacteriorhodopsin with that of its precursor [12] and as a criterion for the correct membrane insertion of E. coli leader peptidase during its biosynthesis [13]. Until now investigation of proteolytic prod-