An iterative algorithm for minimum cross entropy thresholding

Li, C. H.; Tam, P.K.S.

doi:10.1016/s0167-8655(98)00057-9

Cited by 489 publications

(317 citation statements)

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“…The number of stress granules (labelled with anti-TIAR antibody) and P-bodies (labelled with 18033 serum-recognizing GW182) were quantified using the automatic particle counting tool of ImageJ. To distinguish particles of interest from background with minimal user bias, a threshold range was calculated using Li's Minimum Cross Entropy method 44 . Binary images were obtained on applying the threshold settings (see Supplementary Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy supports genomic stability by degrading retrotransposon RNA

et al. 2014

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Many cytoplasmic substrates degraded by autophagy have been identified; however, the impact of RNA degradation by autophagy remains uncertain. Retrotransposons comprise 40% of the human genome and are a major source of genetic variation among species, individuals and cells. Retrotransposons replicate via a copy-paste mechanism involving a cytoplasmic RNA intermediate. Here we report that autophagy degrades retrotransposon RNA from both long and short interspersed elements, preventing new retrotransposon insertions into the genome. Retrotransposon RNA localizes to RNA granules, whose selective degradation is facilitated by the autophagy receptors NDP52 and p62. Accordingly, NDP52 and p62 control retrotransposon insertion in the genome. Mice lacking a copy of Atg6/Beclin1, a gene critical for autophagy, also accumulate both retrotransposon RNA and genomic insertions. Thus, autophagy physiologically buffers genetic variegation by degrading retrotransposon RNA. This may contribute to the increased tumorigenesis occuring when autophagy is inhibited and suggest a role for autophagy in tempering evolutionary change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy supports genomic stability by degrading retrotransposon RNA

et al. 2014

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“…Intracellular BCECF values were determined by isolating only pixels contributing to intracellular signal by using image masking. Masking was done similarly to in Corvini et al; however, image thresholding was performed using Li's iterative algorithm for minimum cross entropy thresholding, which is integrated into ImageJ (36,37). Each channel stack was multiplied by the masks, and then the projected (summed projections) 496-nm image was divided by the 458-nm channel in ImageJ (pixel by pixel) to obtain a 32-bit ratiometric image.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

Guida

García-Pichel

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Some cyanobacteria, known as euendoliths, excavate and grow into calcium carbonates, with their activity leading to significant marine and terrestrial carbonate erosion and to deleterious effects on coral reef and bivalve ecology. Despite their environmental relevance, the mechanisms by which they can bore have remained elusive and paradoxical, in that, as oxygenic phototrophs, cyanobacteria tend to alkalinize their surroundings, which will encourage carbonate precipitation, not dissolution. Therefore, cyanobacteria must rely on unique adaptations to bore. Studies with the filamentous euendolith, Mastigocoleus testarum, indicated that excavation requires both cellular energy and transcellular calcium transport, mediated by P-type ATPases, but the cellular basis for this phenomenon remains obscure. We present evidence that excavation in M. testarum involves two unique cellular adaptations. Long-range calcium transport is based on active pumping at multiple cells along boring filaments, orchestrated by the preferential localization of calcium ATPases at one cell pole, in a ring pattern, facing the cross-walls, and by repeating this placement and polarity, a pattern that breaks at branching and apical cells. In addition, M. testarum differentiates specialized cells we call calcicytes, that which accumulate calcium at concentrations more than 500-fold those found in other cyanobacteria, concomitantly and drastically lowering photosynthetic pigments and enduring severe cytoplasmatic alkalinization. Calcicytes occur commonly, but not exclusively, in apical parts of the filaments distal to the excavation front. We suggest that calcicytes allow for fast calcium flow at low, nontoxic concentrations through undifferentiated cells by providing buffering storage for excess calcium before final excretion to the outside medium.

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“…, 군집화를 활용하는 방법 [4][5][6], 엔트로피를 활용하는 방법 [7,8], 객체 속성을 활용하는 방법 [9][10][11], 공간 속성을 활용하는 방법 [12, 13], 지역 적응적 방법 [14,15] …”

Section: 서 론unclassified

A Computational Improvement of Otsu's Algorithm by Estimating Approximate Threshold

Lee¹,

Kim²

2017

Journal of Korea Multimedia Society

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There are various algorithms evaluating a threshold for image segmentation. Among them, Otsu's algorithm sets a threshold based on the histogram. It finds the between-class variance for all over gray levels and then sets the largest one as Otsu's optimal threshold, so we can see that Otsu's algorithm requires a lot of the computation. In this paper, we improved the amount of computational needs by using estimated Otsu's threshold rather than computing for all the threshold candidates. The proposed algorithm is compared with the original one in computation amount and accuracy. we confirm that the proposed algorithm is about 29 times faster than conventional method on single processor and about 4 times faster than on parallel processing architecture machine.

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An iterative algorithm for minimum cross entropy thresholding

Cited by 489 publications

References 1 publication

Autophagy supports genomic stability by degrading retrotransposon RNA

Autophagy supports genomic stability by degrading retrotransposon RNA

Extreme cellular adaptations and cell differentiation required by a cyanobacterium for carbonate excavation

A Computational Improvement of Otsu's Algorithm by Estimating Approximate Threshold

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