“…As a consequence, there are a number of studies from North America with similar scope, methodology and results (Heath 1974, Kilpelä et al 1978, Beaubien 1979, Bryant et al 1980, Walsh 1980, Teillet et al 1981, Congalton et al 1983, Fox et al 1983, Peterson 1983a, Nelson et al 1984, Benson & DeGloria 1985, Williams & Nelson 1986, Cibula & Nyquist 1987, Hudson 1987, Hopkins et al 1988, Franklin & Peddle 1990, Marceau et al 1990, Moore & Bauer 1990, Bolstad & Lillesand 1992, Wilson et al 1994, Ghitter et al 1995, Sader et al 1995. In Scandinavia, several similar studies have been carried out , 1988, Wastenson et al 1981, Häme 1984, Olesen 1991, Colpaert 1993, Mozgeris 1996 as is also the case in other temperate and boreal regions (Schneider & Hirsch 1984, Chamignon & Manière 1990, Groom et al 1996, San Miguel-Ayanzi & Biging 1996.…”