An objective index of individual face discrimination in the right occipito-temporal cortex by means of fast periodic oddball stimulation

Liu‐Shuang, Joan; Norcia, Anthony M.; Rossion, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.10.022

Cited by 209 publications

(381 citation statements)

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“…This procedure yielded EEG spectra with a high frequency resolution (1/39.996 s = 0.025 Hz), increasing SNR (22) and allowing unambiguous identification of the response at the exact frequencies of interest (i.e., 6 Hz for the base stimulation rate and 1.2 Hz and its harmonics for the oddball stimulation). To estimate SNR across the EEG spectrum, amplitude at each frequency bin was divided by the average amplitude of 20 surrounding bins (10 on each side) (49). To quantify the responses of interest in microvolts, the average voltage amplitude of the 20 surrounding bins (i.e., the noise) was subtracted out (e.g., ref.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the grand-averaged amplitude spectrum for each condition, Z scores were computed at every channel to assess the significance of the response at the oddball frequency and harmonics, and at the base rate and harmonics (24,49). Z scores larger than 2.58 (P < 0.005, one-tailed, signal > noise) were considered significant.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Z scores larger than 2.58 (P < 0.005, one-tailed, signal > noise) were considered significant. A conservative threshold was used because the response was evaluated on all channels (although we expected responses at posterior channels), and to be distributed on several harmonics as in the adult study with letter strings (24), or similar studies with faces (49). An identical number of harmonics was selected across all conditions and electrodes based on the condition in which the highest number of consecutive harmonics (#4) was significant on any electrode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers

Lochy¹,

Reybroeck²,

Rossion³

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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147

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Reading, one of the most important cultural inventions of human society, critically depends on posterior brain areas of the left hemisphere in proficient adult readers. In children, this left hemispheric cortical specialization for letter strings is typically detected only after approximately 1 y of formal schooling and reading acquisition. Here, we recorded scalp electrophysiological (EEG) brain responses in 5-y-old (n = 40) prereaders presented with letter strings appearing every five items in rapid streams of pseudofonts (6 items per second). Within 2 min of recording only, letter strings evoked a robust specific response over the left occipito-temporal cortex at the predefined frequency of 1.2 Hz (i.e., 6 Hz/5). Interindividual differences in the amplitude of this electrophysiological response are significantly related to letter knowledge, a preschool predictor of later reading ability. These results point to the high potential of this rapidly collected behavior-free measure to assess reading ability in developmental populations. These findings were replicated in a second experiment (n = 26 preschool children), where familiar symbols and line drawings of objects evoked right-lateralized and bilaterally specific responses, respectively, showing the specificity of the early left hemispheric dominance for letter strings. Collectively, these findings indicate that limited knowledge of print in young children, before formal education, is sufficient to develop specialized left lateralized neuronal circuits, thereby pointing to an early onset and rapid impact of left hemispheric reentrant sound mapping on posterior cortical development.A dult expert reading, a complex yet effortless and fast process (i.e., occurring at an average of 200 ms per word; ref. 1), critically depends on the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (2). This left hemispheric specialization is thought to arise during children's reading acquisition through reentrant mapping of sound representations in the left temporal and frontal cortices to letter representations in ipsilateral posterior areas (3-5). Even though the exact onset of this leftward specialization is not known, this process appears to take considerable time during formal reading acquisition (6-8).Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals the typical left lateralized adult-like brain pattern for letter strings only in proficient readers (ref. 9 for a metaanalysis) and in natural settings, significant left lateralization appears only when children have already acquired formal reading ability, approximately at 7 y of age (10). In developmental studies with direct measures of brain activity (electro/magneto-encephalography, EEG/MEG), the typical reading adult occipito-temporal response evoked by letter strings at approximately 200 ms after stimulus onset (i.e., N1 or N170; refs. 11 and 12) is absent in preschool children, even if they can already categorize or name letters. Typically, sensitivity to print has been shown after 1 y (13), or 1.5 y of schooling (14), thus, afte...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers

Lochy¹,

Reybroeck²,

Rossion³

2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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147

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“…Faceselective responses significantly above noise level at the face stimulation frequency (1.2 Hz) and its harmonics (2.4, 3.6 Hz, etc.) were determined by transforming the frequency spectra to z scores (45,69). The z scores were computed as the difference between amplitude at each frequency bin and the mean amplitude of the corresponding 48 surrounding bins (25 bins on each side, i.e., 50 bins, but excluding the 2 bins directly adjacent to the bin of interest, i.e., 48 bins) divided by the SD of amplitudes in the corresponding 48 surrounding bins.…”

Section: Intracerebral Eeg Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A face-selective ventral occipito-temporal map of the human brain with intracerebral potentials

Jonas

Jacques²,

Liu‐Shuang³

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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129

194

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Human neuroimaging studies have identified a network of distinct face-selective regions in the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (VOTC), with a right hemispheric dominance. To date, there is no evidence for this hemispheric and regional specialization with direct measures of brain activity. To address this gap in knowledge, we recorded local neurophysiological activity from 1,678 contact electrodes implanted in the VOTC of a large group of epileptic patients (n = 28). They were presented with natural images of objects at a rapid fixed rate (six images per second: 6 Hz), with faces interleaved as every fifth stimulus (i.e., 1.2 Hz). High signal-to-noise ratio face-selective responses were objectively (i.e., exactly at the face stimulation frequency) identified and quantified throughout the whole VOTC. Face-selective responses were widely distributed across the whole VOTC, but also spatially clustered in specific regions. Among these regions, the lateral section of the right middle fusiform gyrus showed the largest face-selective response by far, offering, to our knowledge, the first supporting evidence of two decades of neuroimaging observations with direct neural measures. In addition, three distinct regions with a high proportion of face-selective responses were disclosed in the right ventral anterior temporal lobe, a region that is undersampled in neuroimaging because of magnetic susceptibility artifacts. A high proportion of contacts responding only to faces (i.e., "face-exclusive" responses) were found in these regions, suggesting that they contain populations of neurons involved in dedicated face-processing functions. Overall, these observations provide a comprehensive mapping of visual category selectivity in the whole human VOTC with direct neural measures.face perception | intracerebral recordings | fast periodic visual stimulation | face selectivity | fusiform gyrus

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“…Most recently, Liu-Shuang et al [21] used FPVS to measure the discrimination of individual faces by presenting a sequence of identical face stimuli at a fast periodic rate (base frequency = F, 5.88 Hz) and introducing different (“oddball”) face stimuli at a slower periodic rate within the sequence (i.e., 1 novel face after 4 identical faces; Figure 1A; see also Figure one in [21]). In this study, a robust individual face discrimination response was recorded over the right occipito-temporal cortex, specifically at the oddball frequency rate (5.88 Hz/5 = 1.18 Hz, corresponding to every 5th novel face) and its harmonics (e.g., 2F/5 = 2.36 Hz, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of parametric stimulus size variation on individual face discrimination indexed by fast periodic visual stimulation

Dzhelyova¹,

Rossion²

2014

BMC Neurosci

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BackgroundThe human brain is frequently exposed to individual faces across a wide range of different apparent sizes, often seen simultaneously (e.g., when facing a crowd). Here we used a sensitive and objective fast periodic visual stimulation approach while recording scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) to test the effect of size variation on neural responses reflecting individual face discrimination.MethodsEEG was recorded in ten observers presented with the same face identity at a fixed rate (5.88 Hz, frequency F) and different oddball face identities appearing every five faces (F/5, i.e., 1.18 Hz). Stimulus size was either constant (6.5 × 4 degrees of visual angle) or changed randomly at each stimulation cycle, by 2:1 ratio increasing values from 10% to 80% size variation in four conditions. Absolute stimulus size remained constant across conditions.ResultsThe base rate 5.88 Hz EEG response increased with image size variation, particularly over the right occipito-temporal cortex. In contrast, size variation decreased the oddball response marking individual face discrimination over the right occipito-temporal cortex. At constant stimulus size, the F/5 change of identity generated an early (about 100 ms) oddball response reflecting individual face discrimination based on image-based cues. This early component disappeared with a relatively small size variation (i.e., 20%), leaving a robust high-level index of individual face discrimination.ConclusionsStimulus size variation is an important manipulation to isolate the contribution of high-level visual processes to individual face discrimination. Nevertheless, even for relatively small stimuli, high-level individual face discrimination processes in the right occipito-temporal cortex remain sensitive to stimulus size variation.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2202-15-87) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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An objective index of individual face discrimination in the right occipito-temporal cortex by means of fast periodic oddball stimulation

Cited by 209 publications

References 85 publications

Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers

Left cortical specialization for visual letter strings predicts rudimentary knowledge of letter-sound association in preschoolers

A face-selective ventral occipito-temporal map of the human brain with intracerebral potentials

The effect of parametric stimulus size variation on individual face discrimination indexed by fast periodic visual stimulation

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