“…However, many instrumental data sets indicate a decrease in monsoon rainfall (Guhathakurta & Rajeevan, 2008;Kitoh et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2008) and circulation (Krishnan et al, 2013;Tokinaga et al, 2012) since the 1950s. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that precipitation is highly heterogeneous in time and space, and these results depend to some degree on the exact region and time interval, and even month or threshold of rainfall intensity being studied (Naidu et al, 2015;Turner & Annamalai, 2012). Some researchers do find increases in monsoon circulation and extreme rainfall events over the past several decades (Goswami et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2013), but a recent decrease in summer monsoon rainfall nonetheless appears to be the more common finding in instrumental records (Guhathakurta & Rajeevan, 2008;Kitoh et al, 2013;Krishnan et al, 2013;Tokinaga et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2008).…”