An observational study of cutaneous manifestations in diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care Hospital of Eastern India

Abstract

Background:Diabetes mellitus and its impact on the human body have been extensively dissected over the years. However, skin which is the largest organ in the body, has received minimum attention. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze the prevalence and pattern of skin disorders among diabetic patients from Eastern region of India.Materials and Methods:This is an observational study, conducted in the General Medicine and Endocrinology departments of a Medical College and Hospital in Eastern India. The data were collected prospectively and systematically in a pre-established proforma designed by us, where clinical findings along with investigations were recorded.Results:Six hundred and eighty (680) diabetic patients were examined, there were (64.8%) male and (35.1%) were female, of them 95.3% were Type 2 diabetics while 4.7% were Type 1. Five hundred and three patients (503) out of six hundred and eighty. i.e. 73.9% were found to have skin lesions. Thirteen (13) (41%) Type1 diabetics demonstrated skin lesions commonest being diabetic xerosis, infections and diabetic hand. Among Type2 diabetics 490(75.61%) showed skin lesions. Here infections, xerosis, hair loss beneath the knees, diabetic dermopathy were the most frequent. Majority of patients (67%) had combination of more than one type of skin lesion. There was statistically significant correlation of skin lesions with duration of diabetes, however similar correlation could not be demonstrated regarding metabolic control.Conclusion:Involvement of skin is inevitable and multifarious in diabetes mellitus. Higher prevalence is seen in Type 2 diabetic population. The duration of diabetes is positively correlated with lesions and infective dermatologic manifestations were associated with higher HbA1C values.

Study of cutaneous manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…16 Chatterjee et al showed that among 680 diabetic patients 12 patients were newly diagnosed. 17 In our study, majority 50.58% were <5 years, 27.05% in 6 to 10 years, 11.76% in 16 to 20 years and 10.85% in 11 to 15 years. Study by Kumar et al showed that the duration of diabetes was <10 years in 30 patients, 17 had 11-20 years and 3 had > 20 years of diabetes.…”

“…16 Chatterjee et al showed that four forty one (64.8%) were male and two thirty nine (35.1%) were female. 17 But no similar results were found in study by Timshina et al, the majority was females (54.95%) who were diabetic as compared to males (45.1%). 19 In our study, majority 57.5% were new cases and 42.5% were known cases.…”

“…16 Chatterjee et al showed that among 680 patients, the age varied from 14 to 80 years, mean age being 46.3±6.7 years. 17 Sanad et al in their study showed that age range was from 17 to 80 years, with a mean of 51.42±14.66 years. 18 In a study by Timshina et al the age of the patients ranged from 10-75 years, with a mean age of 49.38±12.78.…”

“…The duration of diabetes was 1-10 years in 290 patients. Two hundred and one (201) had >10 years of diabetes in a study by Chatterjee et al 17 The duration of the disease ranged from 3 months to 30 years with a mean of 10.57±7.63 years. The duration of DM was more than 5 years in 65 patients and 5 years or less in 35 patients in a study by Sanad et al 18 In the present study 61% had infectious skin manifestations and 39% had non-infectious skin manifestation.…”

An Observational Study on Clinical, Epidemiological and Laboratory Profile in Patients of Dengue Fever Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, India in the Year 2016

“…Mandal et al & chatterjee et al [5,6] found that in dengue epidemic in the year 2012 most common manifestations were retro orbital pain, myalgia and amongst gastro intestinal manifestation abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting were present. In our study, total 103 dengue MAC ELISA positive or Dengue NS1Ag ELISA positive or both patients were included and analyzed.…”