An observational study of the quality of life among gender incongruent individuals from “Hijra” Community of India

Majumder, Anirban; RoyChaudhuri, Soumyabrata; Chakraborty, Soma; Bhattacherjee, Kinsuk

doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_169_20

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Over one-fourth of the articles (27%; n = 48) [ 95 – 142 ] reported on stigma, discrimination, violence, and their associations with physical and mental health. Among these, 16 articles focused on stigma-related aspects of LGBTQI+ health [ 96 , 100 – 102 , 109 , 110 , 112 , 114 , 119 , 124 – 126 , 129 , 132 , 137 , 140 ], 3 on violence [ 97 , 103 , 118 ], 17 on mental health and its correlates, such as quality of life [ 95 , 99 , 105 , 106 , 108 , 111 , 115 , 123 , 127 , 128 , 130 , 131 , 135 , 136 , 138 , 139 , 142 ], two on resilience [ 122 , 133 ] and one article each on coping skills [ 141 ] and promoting LGBTQI+ acceptance [ 134 ]. Three articles reported on stress [ 116 ], perceived psychological impact [ 120 ] and violence [ 121 ] associated with Section-377 of the Indian Penal Code, which until September 2018 criminalised adult consensual same-sex relationships.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2023

PLOS Glob Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over one-fourth of the articles (27%; n=48) [95–142] reported on stigma, discrimination, violence, and their associations with physical and mental health. Among these, 16 articles focused on stigma-related aspects of LGBTQI+ health [96, 100–102, 109, 110, 112, 114, 119, 124–126, 129, 132, 137, 140], 3 on violence [97, 103, 118], 17 on mental health and its correlates, such as quality of life [95, 99, 105, 106, 108, 111, 115, 123, 127, 128, 130, 131, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142], two on resilience [122, 133] and one article each on coping skills [141] and promoting LGBTQI+ acceptance [134]. Three articles reported on stress [116], perceived psychological impact [120] and violence [121] associated with Section-377 of the Indian Penal Code, which until September 2018 criminalised adult consensual same-sex relationships.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Chakrapani

Newman

Shunmugam

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevalence; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical services in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Overall, LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Dedicated funding and training for junior investigators conducting LGBTQI+ health research is crucial to building a comprehensive evidence base to inform health policies and programs.

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“…18 In India, the 2011 Census states that 0.04% of the total population of 1.2 billion are transgender, likely underestimated. 19 Though the proportion of DSD among them may be small, the number becomes significant considering the country's population. Children with ambiguous genitalia are often handed over to hijra groups (one of many transgender communities in India) due to health illiteracy, social exclusion and poverty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on early sex assignment and communication with parents in children with disorders of sexual development

et al. 2022

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Disorders of sexual development are a heterogeneous group of disorders in which chromosomal, gonadal or anatomical sex development is atypical. The majority of these children are recognized at birth by ambiguous genitalia. Legal and societal pressures require the physician and parents to assign sex rapidly. Though sex assignment is undebated in several disorders of sexual development, many others need an individualized approach to gender-related concerns. Gender dysphoria is prevalent in disorders of sexual development, and early gender-defining surgeries have potentially lifelong consequences. We use two cases, one of partial androgen insensitivity and another of simple virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia to illustrate that in disorders of sexual development, the ethical management principles remain the same at their core despite the vast differences in phenotypes. Sex assignment should maximize functional, psychological and sexual needs. Sex assigned should coincide with gender identity. We propose that we manage such children with the mutual participation of the physician, parents and the child. Though the parents and the physician have the child's best interests when making a decision, the child's developing autonomy should be protected. The communication of the health provider to the parent must be honest if early sex assignment is difficult.

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An observational study of the quality of life among gender incongruent individuals from “Hijra” Community of India

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India

Perspectives on early sex assignment and communication with parents in children with disorders of sexual development

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