An Ontological Approach to Enhancing Information Sharing in Disaster Response

Elmhadhbi, Linda; Karray, Mohamed‐Hedi; Archimède, Bernard; Otte, J. Neil; Smith, Barry

doi:10.3390/info12100432

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…At its core, ontology is a structured framework that defines the relationships between various entities and concepts within a particular domain. For example, in a forensic context, ontology could define the relationships between a suspect, a crime scene, and different types of evidence, such as DNA samples or digital data [36,51,52]. This structured approach facilitates more than just data storage; it allows for effective data retrieval and the ability to draw meaningful conclusions from complex, interconnected information [51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperability-Enhanced Knowledge Management in Law Enforcement: An Integrated Data-Driven Forensic Ontological Approach to Crime Scene Analysis

Spyropoulos,

Bratsas,

Makris

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, more and more sciences are involved in strengthening the work of law enforcement authorities. Scientific documentation is evidence highly respected by the courts in administering justice. As the involvement of science in solving crimes increases, so does human subjectivism, which often leads to wrong conclusions and, consequently, to bad judgments. From the above arises the need to create a single information system that will be fed with scientific evidence such as fingerprints, genetic material, digital data, forensic photographs, information from the forensic report, etc., and also investigative data such as information from witnesses’ statements, the apology of the accused, etc., from various crime scenes that will be able, through formal reasoning procedure, to conclude possible perpetrators. The present study examines a proposal for developing an information system that can be a basis for creating a forensic ontology—a semantic representation of the crime scene—through descriptive logic in the owl semantic language. The Interoperability-Enhanced information system to be developed could assist law enforcement authorities in solving crimes. At the same time, it would promote closer cooperation between academia, civil society, and state institutions by fostering a culture of engagement for the common good.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperability-Enhanced Knowledge Management in Law Enforcement: An Integrated Data-Driven Forensic Ontological Approach to Crime Scene Analysis

Spyropoulos,

Bratsas,

Makris

et al. 2023

Information

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“…Two examples of well-known general foundational ontologies are DOLCE [27] and BFO [28]. The previously cited POLARISCO [8] relies on BFO for better formalizing and relating the terminologies and methods of various emergency response organizations.…”

Section: General Purpose Ontologies Merging Top Level Ontologies and ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several small top-level ontologies related to disaster risk reduction or management, e.g. the agent-oriented ontology of [5] for better indexing and retrieving "disaster management plans" in document repositories for such plans, SEMA4A [6] which supports alerting people about imminent disasters, empathi [7] which is more general and integrates some other ontologies, and POLARISCO [8] which is a suite of ontologies formalizing and relating the terminologies and methods of various emergency response organizations (e.g. fire departments, police, and healthcare services).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Knowledge Representation and Sharing, with Illustrations in Risk/Emergency Management

Martin

Tanzi

2023

Sustainability

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Many decision-making tasks, including the sustainability-oriented ones and those related to the management of risks or emergencies, must gather, integrate, and analyze an important amount of information of various kinds and origins. Hence, how should information be best organized and shared by agents – people or software – for all and only the pieces of information looked for by these agents to be maximize their retrieval, reuse, organization and analysis by these agents? To that end, various logic-based knowledge representation (KR) and sharing (KS) techniques, and hence KR bases, have been used. However, most KS researchers focus on what this article defines as “restricted KR and KS”, where information providers and consumers can or have to discuss for solving information ambiguities and other problems. The first part of this article highlights the usefulness of “general KR and KS” and, for supporting them, provides a panorama of complementary techniques, and hence, indirectly, best practices or kinds of tools to use for general KS purposes. These techniques collectively answer research questions about how to support Web users in the collaborative building of KR bases. The second part uses the risk/emergency management domain to illustrate the ways different types of information can be represented to support general KS.

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“…Our research goes beyond this by examining a comprehensive set of seven different centrality metrics, thereby providing a more nuanced understanding of how different strategies impact the network's interoperability. This multi-metric approach has been explored less frequently in the existing literature [108,[111][112][113]. The concept of 'Interoperability' as a measure for evaluating the effectiveness of node removal is also relatively unique to this study.…”

Section: Comparative Analysis With the Existing Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Interoperability and Targeted Attacks on Terrorist Organizations Using Intelligent Tools from Network Science

Spyropoulos,

Ioannidis,

Antoniou

2023

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The early intervention of law enforcement authorities to prevent an impending terrorist attack is of utmost importance to ensuring economic, financial, and social stability. From our previously published research, the key individuals who play a vital role in terrorist organizations can be timely revealed. The problem now is to identify which attack strategy (node removal) is the most damaging to terrorist networks, making them fragmented and therefore, unable to operate under real-world conditions. We examine several attack strategies on 4 real terrorist networks. Each node removal strategy is based on: (i) randomness (random node removal), (ii) high strength centrality, (iii) high betweenness centrality, (iv) high clustering coefficient centrality, (v) high recalculated strength centrality, (vi) high recalculated betweenness centrality, (vii) high recalculated clustering coefficient centrality. The damage of each attack strategy is evaluated in terms of Interoperability, which is defined based on the size of the giant component. We also examine a greedy algorithm, which removes the node corresponding to the maximal decrease of Interoperability at each step. Our analysis revealed that removing nodes based on high recalculated betweenness centrality is the most harmful. In this way, the Interoperability of the communication network drops dramatically, even if only two nodes are removed. This valuable insight can help law enforcement authorities in developing more effective intervention strategies for the early prevention of impending terrorist attacks. Results were obtained based on real data on social ties between terrorists (physical face-to-face social interactions).

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An Ontological Approach to Enhancing Information Sharing in Disaster Response

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Interoperability-Enhanced Knowledge Management in Law Enforcement: An Integrated Data-Driven Forensic Ontological Approach to Crime Scene Analysis

Interoperability-Enhanced Knowledge Management in Law Enforcement: An Integrated Data-Driven Forensic Ontological Approach to Crime Scene Analysis

General Knowledge Representation and Sharing, with Illustrations in Risk/Emergency Management

Interoperability and Targeted Attacks on Terrorist Organizations Using Intelligent Tools from Network Science

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