Abstract:Limited access to key diagnostic tools is detrimental to priority health needs of populations. Ear pain, tenderness, itching, and different degree of hearing loss are common problems which require otoscopy as first diagnostic assessment. Where an otoscope is not available because of budget constraints, a self-fabricated low-cost otoscope might represent a feasible opportunity. In this paper, we share the design and construction process of an open-source, 3D printed, otoscope. The prototype was compared to a co… Show more
“…One of the emerging areas of application of 3D printing is biomedicine, for which it is used in prosthetics, , implantology, tissue and organ fabrication, , education and research, − and construction of components in respiratory devices, − among others. As the conventional production line of medical components by traditional means has been challenged by a growing global demand for customized medical equipment, − easy, low-cost, and rapid fabrication methods are increasingly becoming indispensable. In particular, the decreasing cost of commercially available photopolymerization printers coupled with improved performance to create high levels of detail and good surface finish of printed items has led to widespread adoption of this technology in the medical field in recent years …”
Stereolithography three-dimensional printing is used increasingly in biomedical applications to create components for use in healthcare and therapy. The exposure of patients to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cured resins represents an element of concern in such applications. Here, we investigate the biocompatibility in relation to inhalation exposure of volatile emissions of three different cured commercial resins for use in printing a mouthpiece adapter for sampling exhaled breath. VOC emission rates were estimated based on direct analysis using a microchamber/thermal extractor coupled to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer. Complementary analyses using comprehensive gas chromatography−mass spectrometry aided compound identification. Major VOCs emitted from the cured resins were associated with polymerization agents, additives, and postprocessing procedures and included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, esters, and terpenes. Total VOC emissions from cubes printed using the general-purpose resin were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of the cubes printed using resins dedicated to biomedical applications at the respective test temperatures (40 and 25 °C). Daily inhalation exposures were estimated and compared with daily tolerable intake levels or standard thresholds of toxicological concerns. The two resins intended for biomedical applications were deemed suitable for fabricating an adapter mouthpiece for use in breath research. The general-purpose resin was unsuitable, with daily inhalation exposures for breath sampling applications at 40 °C estimated at 310 μg day −1 for propylene glycol (tolerable intake (TI) limit of 190 μg day −1 ) and 1254 μg day −1 for methyl acrylate (TI of 43 μg day −1 ).
“…One of the emerging areas of application of 3D printing is biomedicine, for which it is used in prosthetics, , implantology, tissue and organ fabrication, , education and research, − and construction of components in respiratory devices, − among others. As the conventional production line of medical components by traditional means has been challenged by a growing global demand for customized medical equipment, − easy, low-cost, and rapid fabrication methods are increasingly becoming indispensable. In particular, the decreasing cost of commercially available photopolymerization printers coupled with improved performance to create high levels of detail and good surface finish of printed items has led to widespread adoption of this technology in the medical field in recent years …”
Stereolithography three-dimensional printing is used increasingly in biomedical applications to create components for use in healthcare and therapy. The exposure of patients to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cured resins represents an element of concern in such applications. Here, we investigate the biocompatibility in relation to inhalation exposure of volatile emissions of three different cured commercial resins for use in printing a mouthpiece adapter for sampling exhaled breath. VOC emission rates were estimated based on direct analysis using a microchamber/thermal extractor coupled to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer. Complementary analyses using comprehensive gas chromatography−mass spectrometry aided compound identification. Major VOCs emitted from the cured resins were associated with polymerization agents, additives, and postprocessing procedures and included alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, esters, and terpenes. Total VOC emissions from cubes printed using the general-purpose resin were approximately an order of magnitude higher than those of the cubes printed using resins dedicated to biomedical applications at the respective test temperatures (40 and 25 °C). Daily inhalation exposures were estimated and compared with daily tolerable intake levels or standard thresholds of toxicological concerns. The two resins intended for biomedical applications were deemed suitable for fabricating an adapter mouthpiece for use in breath research. The general-purpose resin was unsuitable, with daily inhalation exposures for breath sampling applications at 40 °C estimated at 310 μg day −1 for propylene glycol (tolerable intake (TI) limit of 190 μg day −1 ) and 1254 μg day −1 for methyl acrylate (TI of 43 μg day −1 ).
“…VP also facilitates the fabrication of other major medical devices which can be utilized at the PoC. The importance of access to medical devices in low-resource or health crisis settings was highlighted by designing and producing an otoscope (a medical device used to examine the ear canal and eardrum) [102]. An innovative approach to designing and producing airway stents using mathematical surface functions and 3D printing technology that are tailored to individual patients was developed to help patients with various respiratory conditions breathe more easily [103].…”
Medical 3D printing is a complex, highly interdisciplinary, and revolutionary technology that is positively transforming the care of patients. The technology is being increasingly adopted at the Point of Care (PoC) as a consequence of the strong value offered to medical practitioners. One of the key technologies within the medical 3D printing portfolio enabling this transition is desktop inverted Vat Photopolymerization (VP) owing to its accessibility, high quality, and versatility of materials. Several reports in the peer-reviewed literature have detailed the medical impact of 3D printing technologies as a whole. This review focuses on the multitude of clinical applications of desktop inverted VP 3D printing which have grown substantially in the last decade. The principles, advantages, and challenges of this technology are reviewed from a medical standpoint. This review serves as a primer for the continually growing exciting applications of desktop-inverted VP 3D printing in healthcare.
“…Capobussi et al share the design and development of an open-source 3D printed otoscope and the prototype is compared to a commercial solution (Fig. 5 ) demonstrating similar overall quality between the instruments [ 15 ].…”
Section: Medical Devicesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 5 Computer-aided design and 3D printed model of an otoscope developed by Capobussi et al along with a commercial otoscope [ 15 ] …”
Medical 3D printing is a form of manufacturing that benefits patient care, particularly when the 3D printed part is patient-specific and either enables or facilitates an intervention for a specific condition. Most of the patient-specific medical 3D printing begins with volume based medical images of the patient. Several digital manipulations are typically performed to prescribe a final anatomic representation that is then 3D printed. Among these are image segmentation where a volume of interest such as an organ or a set of tissues is digitally extracted from the volumetric imaging data. Image segmentation requires medical expertise, training, software, and effort. The theme of image segmentation has a broad intersection with medical 3D printing. The purpose of this editorial is to highlight different points of that intersection in a recent thematic series within 3D Printing in Medicine.
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