An Open-Source LoRa Physical Layer Prototype on GNU Radio

Tapparel, Joachim; Afisiadis, Orion; Mayoraz, Paul; Balatsoukas‐Stimming, Alexios; Burg, Andreas

doi:10.1109/spawc48557.2020.9154273

Cited by 90 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…While the system is still in its early development stages, the focus is currently put on the communication between a single end device and a cloudified LoRa eco-system. It is worth noting that several contributions in this field enable minimal configurations as well, only encompassing a transmitter and the receiver [35], [41], [46].…”

Section: A Long Range Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Live BBU Container Migration in Wireless Networks

Schiller¹,

Ajayi²,

Weber

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud-RANs) have recently emerged as a promising architecture to meet the increasing demands and expectations of future wireless networks. Such an architecture can enable dynamic and flexible network operations to address significant challenges, such as higher mobile traffic volumes and increasing network operation costs. However, the implementation of compute-intensive signal processing Network Functions (NFs) on the General Purpose Processors (General Purpose Processors) that are typically found in data centers could lead to performance complications, such as in the case of overloaded servers. There is therefore a need for methods that ensure the availability and continuity of critical wireless network functionality in such circumstances.Motivated by the goal of providing highly available and fault-tolerant functionality in Cloud-RAN-based networks, this paper proposes the design, specification, and implementation of live migration of containerized Baseband Units (BBUs) in two wireless network settings, namely Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. Driven by the requirements and critical challenges of live migration, the approach shows that in the case of LoRaWAN networks, the migration of BBUs is currently possible with relatively low downtimes to support network continuity. The analysis and comparison of the performance of functional splits and cell configurations in both networks were performed in terms of fronthaul throughput requirements. The results obtained from such an analysis can be used by both service providers and network operators in the deployment and optimization of Cloud-RANs services, in order to ensure network reliability and continuity in cloud environments.

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Section: A Long Range Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Live BBU Container Migration in Wireless Networks

Schiller¹,

Ajayi²,

Weber

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc.

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show abstract

“…Given the specific structure of the synchronization signal as presented in the previous paragraph, an estimation of the integer parts of the STO and the CFO (L and C, respectively) can be jointly performed. As explained in [14,19,28], a system of two equations using the estimated argmax of each FFT module in the preamble and the SFD is used to that end. If we denote the latter estimated frequencies Ŝup and Ŝdown respectively, we have:…”

Section: Synchronization Process In Loramentioning

confidence: 99%

A New LoRa-like Transceiver Suited for LEO Satellite Communications

Temim

Ferré

Tajan

2022

Sensors

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LoRa is based on the chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation, which has been developed for low power and long-range wireless Internet of Things (IoT) communications. The structure of LoRa signals makes their decoding performance extremely sensitive to synchronization errors. To alleviate this constraint, we propose a modification of the LoRa physical layer, which we refer to as differential CSS (DCSS), associated with an original synchronization algorithm. Based on this modification, we are able to demodulate the received signals without performing a complete frequency synchronization and by tolerating some timing synchronization errors. Hence, our receiver can handle ultra narrow band LoRa-like signals since it has no limitation on the maximum carrier frequency offset, as is actually the case in the deployed LoRa receivers. In addition, in the presence of the Doppler shift varying along the packet duration, DCSS shows better performance than CSS, which makes our proposed receiver a good candidate for communication with a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite.

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“…LoRaWAN defines an intra-frame Forward Error Correction scheme derived from an Hamming erasure correction code. A couple of studies using reverse engineering and analysis offer a glimpse of the algorithm and its performance [9,10]. These studies predict error detection capabilities only for CR ∈ { 4 5 , 4 6 } and then more and more error correction for CR ∈ { 4 7 , 4 8 }.…”

Section: Impacts Of Lora Intra-frame Forward Error Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LoRa Channel Characterization for Flexible and High Reliability Adaptive Data Rate in Multiple Gateways Networks

Coutaud¹,

Heusse²,

Tourancheau³

2021

Computers

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We characterize the LoRa channel in terms of multi-path fading, loss burstiness, and assess the benefits of Forward Error Correction as well as the influence of frame length. We make these observations by synthesizing extensive experimental measurements realized with The Things Network in a medium size city. We then propose to optimize the LoRaWAN Adaptive Data Rate algorithm based on this refined LoRa channel characterization and taking into account the LoRaWAN inherent macro-diversity from multi-gateway reception. Firstly, we propose ADRopt, which adjusts Spreading Factor and frame repetition number to maintain the communication below a target Packet Error Rate ceiling with optimized Time-On-Air. Secondly, we propose ADRIFECC, an extension of ADRopt in case an Inter-Frame Erasure Correction Code is available. The resulting protocol provides very high reliability even over low quality channels, with comparable Time on Air and similar downlink usage as the currently deployed mechanism. Simulations corroborate the analysis, both over a synthetic random wireless link and over replayed real-world packet transmission traces.

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An Open-Source LoRa Physical Layer Prototype on GNU Radio

Cited by 90 publications

References 19 publications

Toward a Live BBU Container Migration in Wireless Networks

Toward a Live BBU Container Migration in Wireless Networks

A New LoRa-like Transceiver Suited for LEO Satellite Communications

LoRa Channel Characterization for Flexible and High Reliability Adaptive Data Rate in Multiple Gateways Networks

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