An open source, wireless capable miniature microscope system

Liberti, William A.; Perkins, L. Nathan; Leman, Daniel P; Gardner, Timothy J.

doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aa6806

Cited by 124 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Importantly, due to recent technological advancements field studies are not necessarily as labor‐intensive as they used to be. As already mentioned, tracking can be to large extent automatized and even such techniques as single unit‐recordings, calcium imaging or optogenetics are already used in wireless fashion. However, more effort is still needed to optimize those technologies for the field application through improving both their robustness and availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice

Kondrakiewicz

Kostecki

Szadzinska

et al. 2018

Genes Brain and Behavior

106

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Different rat and mouse models are used in studies of social interactions. Simple behavioral measures, which are commonly used in the laboratory, allow to perform relatively short experiments and to use multiple brain manipulation techniques. However, too much focus on the simplest behavioral models generates a serious risk of reducing ecological validity or even studying phenomena which would never happen outside of the laboratory. In this review, we discuss the suitability of mice and rats as model organisms for studying social behaviors, with focus on social transmission of fear paradigms. First, we briefly introduce the concept of domestication and what impact it had on laboratory rodents. Then, we present two aspects of social behaviors, sociability and dominance, which are crucial for social organization in these species. Finally, we present experimental models used for studying how animals transmit information about danger between each other, and how these models may reflect what happens in the natural environment. We discuss the difficulties that arise from our limited knowledge of rat and mouse ecology, especially their social life. We also explore the subject of balancing ecological validity and controllability in rodent models of social behaviors, the latter being particularly important for studying brain activity. Although it is very challenging, an efficient program for social neuroscience research should, in our opinion, aim at bridging the gap between laboratory and field studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice

Kondrakiewicz

Kostecki

Szadzinska

et al. 2018

Genes Brain and Behavior

106

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“…Compared to existing open source software for animal tracking, PolyTouch is the only software that enables rapid (i.e.~5.7 ms) close-loop feedback for behavior (see Table 1 for a detailed comparison [23,26,60]. A direct comparison of PolyTouch with a customized video system revealed that the accuracy of PolyTouch is similar to manual offline tracking by an experienced human observer ( Figure 2E-F In terms of processing speed, modern closed-loop systems trigger feedback within 3-40 ms for neural data [11,13] and 12-50 ms for behavioral data [15,16,42,59,60] . PolyTouch can be used to control neural activity based on animal behavior at a temporal scale faster than synaptic communication along sensory pathways [61][62][63][64][65][66] , and thus could be used to create artificial sensory and motor feedback in the context of rapidly evolving behavioral computations [43,67] .…”

Section: Comparison To Existing Tracking Systemsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Recent technological advancements have enabled researchers to close the loop [9,10] with real-time experimental control of neural [11][12][13][14] and behavioral signals [15][16][17][18][19] . In particular, closed-loop optogenetic neural control has provided insight into cell-type-specific neuronal population dynamics in relation with seizure control [14,20,21] , sensory perception [22] , and spatial navigation [23] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time contextual feedback for closed-loop control of navigation

Lim

Celikel

2018

Preprint

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Objective: Close-loop control of brain and behavior will benefit from real-time detection of behavioral events to enable low-latency communication with peripheral devices. In animal experiments, this is typically achieved by using sparsely distributed (embedded) sensors that detect animal presence in select regions of interest. High-speed cameras provide high-density sampling across large arenas, capturing the richness of animal behavior, however, the image processing bottleneck prohibits real-time feedback in the context of rapidly evolving behaviors.Approach: Here we developed an open-source software, named PolyTouch, to track animal behavior in large arenas and provide rapid close-loop feedback in~5.7 ms, ie. average latency from the detection of an event to analog stimulus delivery, e.g. auditory tone, TTL pulse, when tracking a single body. This stand-alone software is written in JAVA. The included wrapper for MATLAB provides experimental flexibility for data acquisition, analysis and visualization.Main results: As a proof-of-principle application we deployed the PolyTouch for place awareness training. A user-defined portion of the arena was used as a virtual target; visit (or approach) to the target triggered auditory feedback. We show that mice develop awareness to virtual spaces, tend to stay shorter and move faster when they reside in the virtual target zone if their visits are coupled to relatively high stimulus intensity (≥49dB). Thus, close-loop presentation of perceived aversive feedback is sufficient to condition mice to avoid virtual targets within the span of a single session (~20min).Significance: Neuromodulation techniques now allow control of neural activity in a cell-type specific manner in spiking resolution. Using animal behavior to drive closed-loop control of neural activity would help to address the neural basis of behavioral state and environmental context-dependent information processing in the brain.

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“…In addition, overexpression of GCaMP using AAVs can induce cell toxicity or even death (17). To overcome these potential limitations we built custom microendoscopes that were chronically implanted and performed long-term simultaneous bilateral imaging of hippocampal activity in freely moving Thy1-GCaMP6s mice (Figure 1a, S1, Movie 1 and 2, see supplementary data) (18)(19)(20)(21). The combination of chronic implants, high sensitivity microendoscope, improved cell detection and 25 registration with the CNMFe software allowed us to minimize motion artifacts and to increase the reliability of longterm recordings (Fig.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of neuronal representations through time and damage in the hippocampus

González

Zhang

Harutyunyan

et al. 2019

Preprint

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It is not known how neurons encode memories that can persist up to decades. To investigate this question, we performed simultaneous bilateral imaging of neuronal activity in the mouse hippocampus over weeks. From one 10 day to the next ~40 % of neurons changed their responsiveness to cues; however, thereafter only 1 % of cells changed for each additional day. Despite the apparent instability between days, field responses of CA1 neurons are very resilient to lack of exposure to the task or lesions to CA1. Although a small fraction of individual neurons retain their responses over weeks, groups of neurons with inter-and intrahemispheric synchronous activity had stable responses. Neurons whose activity was synchronous with a large group of neurons were more likely to preserve their responses 15 across multiple days. These results suggest that although information stored in individual neurons is relatively labile, it is very stable in networks of synchronously active neurons. One Sentence Summary:Neuronal representations in networks of neurons with synchronized activity are stable over weeks, even after lack of 20 training or following damage.

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An open source, wireless capable miniature microscope system

Cited by 124 publications

References 35 publications

Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice

Ecological validity of social interaction tests in rats and mice

Real-time contextual feedback for closed-loop control of navigation

Persistence of neuronal representations through time and damage in the hippocampus

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