An opponent-process theory of color vision.

Hurvich, Leo M.; Jameson, Dorothea

doi:10.1037/h0041403

Cited by 931 publications

(416 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Moreover, in the red and green disc conditions, a flickering Bidwell color has the same qualitative adapting effect as does flickering light of that hue. That the after-image is complementary to the adapting color for these conditions is reminiscent of opponent-process theories of color coding, such as that of HURVICH and JAMESON (1957;JAMESON and HURVICH, 1956), where activity in one process increases the relative sensitivity of the opposing process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The photopigment bleaching hypothesis of complementary after-images: A psychophysical test

Loomis

1972

Vision Research

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A WIDELY accepted explanation of complementary (negati~e)~ after-images is based on the assumption that photopigment bleaching, in one way or another, alters the sensitivity of the mechanisms underlying color perception with the result that a white stimulus (under neutral adaptation) takes on a complementary hue. The purpose of the present study was to test this assumption by comparing the complementary after-images resulting from two different sequences of adapting stimulation, equated for bleaching effects but totally disparate in color appearance.The conditions of the experiment are made possible by the existence of a temporallyinduced color phenomenon, called here the Bidwell color after its discoverer (BIDWELL, 1897(BIDWELL, , 1901. Specifically, if a red (green, blue) flash is followed by a white flash, properly timed, only a blue-green (purple, orange) flash is perceived, the red (green, blue) being totally masked. Recycling the sequence of dark (D) phase, color (C) phase, white (W) phase several times per second results in sustained perception of a flickering color that is roughly complementary to the hue of the C phase alone or of the sequence D, W, C. This temporally induced color is quite stable and can be produced under a wide range of luminances and durations of the three phases (GOLDSTEIN and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The photopigment bleaching hypothesis of complementary after-images: A psychophysical test

Loomis

1972

Vision Research

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“…Since a key aspect of attentional bias lies in an individual's inability to overcome the bias (Cox, Hogan, Kristian & Race, 2002;Field & Cox, 2008), experiment 3 aimed to induce the primary attentional bias towards the colour green in session 1, and then induce a second attentional bias towards a different colour (in this case, towards the colour blue) in session 2. A bias towards blue over red was chosen to avoid any possible confounds resulting from conflicting colour opponency (Hurvich & Jameson, 1957;Park, An & Lee, 2002). This enabled us to investigate if the second attentional bias towards blue objects obliterated the attentional bias towards green objects, or if the primary attentional bias towards green objects still persisted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altering attentional control settings causes persistent biases of visual attention

Knight

Smith

Knight

et al. 2016

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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. (2015) 'Altering attentional control settings causes persistent biases of visual attention.', The quarterly journal of experimental psychology., 69 (1). pp. 129-149.Further information on publisher's website:https://doi.org/10. 1080/17470218.2015.1031144 Publisher's copyright statement:This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor Francis in the quarterly journal of experimental psychology. on 13/05/2015 available online:http://www.tandfonline.com/10. 1080/17470218.2015.1031144 Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. arbitrary stimulus in healthy participants. Subjects were biased towards the colour green by an information sheet. Attentional bias was assessed using a change detection task. After an interval of either 1 or 2 weeks participants were then either re-tested on the same change detection task, tested on a different change detection task where colour was irrelevant, or were biased towards an alternative colour. One experiment included trials in which the distracter stimuli (but never the target stimuli) were green. The key finding was that green stimuli in the second task attracted attention, despite this impairing task performance. Furthermore, inducing a second attentional bias did not override the initial bias toward green objects. The attentional bias also persisted for at least two weeks. It is argued that this persistent attentional bias is mediated by a chronic change to participants attentional control settings, which is aided by long-term representations involving contextual cuing. We speculate that similar changes to attentional control settings and continuous cuing may relate to attentional biases observed in psychopathologies. Targeting these biases may be a productive approach to treatment.Attentional Bias Development Although there has been great debate on how visual stimuli are selected for further processing (Theeuwes, 1991;1992;Belopolsky & Theeuwes, 2010;Folk et al., 1992;Bacon & Egeth, 1994), one generally accepted proposal is that observers can activate one of two distinctive attentional sets:Attentional Bias Development 5Singleton Detection Mode or Feature Search Mode (Bacon & Egeth, 1994; Leber & Egeth, 2006b).Singleton Detection Mode is based purely on the physical salience of an item, allowing the most salient item in a visual field -such as a feature singleton (a red item amongst greyscale items) -to capture attention. Alternatively, Feature Search Mode relies on a defining target feature -such as a particular colour -and is a much narrower attentional se...

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“…Still, even if we put this difference to one side, I deny, where they seem to accept, that our sensory systems generate a million-plus colour responses, whether or not we count these responses as conscious. 5 A central piece of evidence for the now widely-accepted 'opponent-process' account of colour perception (Hurvich and Jameson 1957) is the ability of subjects reliably to estimate the proportion of red/green or blue/yellow in any spectral colour (Werner and Wooten 1979). This quantitative ability may seem in tension with my hypothesis of a limited range of categorial single-colour responses.…”

Section: Two Kinds Of Statementioning

confidence: 77%

Can We Really See a Million Colours?

Papineau¹

2015

Phenomenal Qualities

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Nearly all philosophers assume that human beings are capable of well over a million different conscious visual responses to coloured surfaces (and they then debate whether this shows that some mental representation is non-conceptual). I deny the premise. In this paper I argue that humans are capable of only a limited range of colour responses to surfaces presented singly (along with a gestalt ability to register that adjacently presented surfaces are different-in-colour). This may be counterintuitive, but it accommodates the empirical data better than the standard view, and also resolves various philosophical puzzles.

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An opponent-process theory of color vision.

Cited by 931 publications

References 35 publications

The photopigment bleaching hypothesis of complementary after-images: A psychophysical test

The photopigment bleaching hypothesis of complementary after-images: A psychophysical test

Altering attentional control settings causes persistent biases of visual attention

Can We Really See a Million Colours?

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