“…Thermodynamic studies were performed at four temperatures of 10, 20, 30, and 40 °C under optimal conditions to determine the Gibbs free energy (Δ G ), enthalpy (Δ H ), and entropy (Δ S ). These were determined using following equations: 23
Δ G ° = − RT ln K C
where C e is the equilibrium concentration of the GLB solution (mg L −1 ); K C is the equilibrium constant, and q e is the equilibrium sorption capacity (mg g −1 ). Δ G ° (kJ mol −1 ), Δ S ° (kJ mol −1 K −1 ), and Δ H ° (kJ mol −1 ) are the Gibbs free energy, entropy, and enthalpy changes in sorption, respectively; T is the absolute temperature (K), and R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J mol −1 K −1 ).…”