An optical mechanism for detecting the whole pyrolysis process of oil shale

Zhan, Honglei; Wang, Yan; Chen, Mengxi; Chen, Ru; Zhao, Kun; Yue, Wenzheng

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.116343

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, the thermodynamic fractionation speed is mainly controlled by the gas concentration, especially the concentration of CH4. This process, in contrast to kinetics, will make the δ 13 C decrease until reaching equilibrium. Hence, the δ 13 C is the composition results from the kinetics and thermodynamic fractionation.…”

Section: Carbon Isotopes Charactermentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The δ 13 C ranges for CH4, C2H6, and C3H8 were −39.55‰ to −36.80‰, −31.96‰ to −29.58‰, and −29.79‰ to −27.11‰, respectively (Table 2). The hydrocarbon gas shows the origin of organic matter, while the δ 13 C is much higher than without the water pyrolysis experiment and moving toward an inorganic carbon isotope. Its increasing characteristics may be related to the continuous isotope exchange between the gas product and carbonates in the rock [34,35].…”

Section: Carbon Isotopes Charactermentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this sense, the early detection of Energies 2021, 14, 7839 2 of 12 the oil recovery stage during oil shale pyrolysis can lead to a quick corrective heating process being implemented, lowering the production costs. However, there are three main traditional methods for forecasting the oil shale pyrolysis process (organic matter decomposition): (1) direct measurement of vitrinite reflectance (%R o ) [11], hydrocarbon generation (T max ), and element ratios (H:C) of rock samples [12]; (2) indirect measurement through analyzing the structure and composition of rocks by wave-substance interaction using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy [13], Raman spectroscopy [14], and infrared spectroscopy et al [15], or through analyzing the product and its isotope compositions according to empirical formula, using a mass spectrometer and isotope analyzer [16];…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These applications are mainly based on an empirical equation established for actual field data and/or laboratory tests, and a good application effect has been achieved. Specifically, the "rollover" point (e.g., the δ 13 C C 2 H 6 increasing with maturity and then decreasing) and "reversals" point (e.g., δ 13 C CH 4 > δ 13 C C 2 H 6 > δ 13 C C 3 H 8 ) receive a lot of attention during oil shale pyrolysis process [20]. Nevertheless, those points are out of the maximum oil generation stage during the oil shale artificial mature process, in which the %R o is generally less than 1 [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carbon isotopes have a relatively slow exchange rate for many carbon-bearing minerals and are in relatively large fractionations even at high temperatures; those merits made it become an excellent recorder of geological processes [26,27]. Carbon isotope fractionation is a result of mass-dependent 13 C/ 12 C-fractionation during the gas, fluid, or melts generation process [28]. The carbon isotope characteristics in those C-H-O systems are largely considered to be determined by kinetics or/and a thermodynamic equilibrium mechanism [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constrain on Oil Recovery Stage during Oil Shale Subcritical Water Extraction Process Based on Carbon Isotope Fractionation Character

et al. 2021

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In this work, Huadian oil shale was extracted by subcritical water at 365 °C with a time series (2–100 h) to better investigate the carbon isotope fractionation characteristics and how to use its fractionation characteristics to constrain the oil recovery stage during oil shale in situ exploitation. The results revealed that the maximum generation of oil is 70–100 h, and the secondary cracking is limited. The carbon isotopes of the hydrocarbon gases show a normal sequence, with no “rollover” and “reversals” phenomena, and the existence of alkene gases and the CH4-CO2-CO diagram implied that neither chemical nor carbon isotopes achieve equilibrium in the C-H-O system. The carbon isotope (C1–C3) fractionation before oil generation is mainly related to kinetics of organic matter decomposition, and the thermodynamic equilibrium process is limited; when entering the oil generation area, the effect of the carbon isotope thermodynamic equilibrium process (CH4 + 2H2O ⇄ CO2 + 4H2) becomes more important than kinetics, and when it exceeds the maximum oil generation stage, the carbon isotope kinetics process becomes more important again. The δ13CCO2−CH4 is the result of the competition between kinetics and thermodynamic fractionation during the oil shale pyrolysis process. After oil begins to generate, δ13CCO2−CH4 goes from increasing to decreasing (first “turning”); in contrast, when exceeding the maximum oil generation area, it goes from decreasing to increasing (second “turning”). Thus, the second “turning” point can be used to indicate the maximum oil generation area, and it also can be used to help determine when to stop the heating process during oil shale exploitation and lower the production costs.

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Section: Carbon Isotopes Charactermentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Carbon Isotopes Charactermentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Constrain on Oil Recovery Stage during Oil Shale Subcritical Water Extraction Process Based on Carbon Isotope Fractionation Character

et al. 2021

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A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan

Al‐Ananzeh,

Bani‐Melhem,

Khasawneh

et al. 2024

Energy Science & Engineering

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Jordan's energy sector faces significant challenges due to rising fuel prices, making the exploration of local energy resources crucial. The abundant oil shale deposits in Wadi Thamad present a promising opportunity. Since Wadi Thamad oil shale has never been studied before, this research focuses on the Wadi Thamad basin near Madaba, Jordan, aiming to comprehensively characterize its oil shale using advanced analytical techniques. Using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, this study assesses the mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties of Wadi Thamad oil shale. The findings reveal calcite and quartz as the primary minerals, with significant aliphatic, CO2, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Elemental analysis highlights essential oxides, such as CaO and SiO2. Fischer assay results indicate an oil content of 5.3–10.1 wt%, a gross‐calorific value of 4.56–7.69 MJ/kg, and a sulfur content of 1.77–2.10 wt%. The peak pyrolysis temperature is 432.4°C from TGA. This research's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to characterizing the underexplored Wadi Thamad oil shale basin. The findings enhance the understanding of Wadi Thamad's geological composition and underscore its potential as a local energy resource, contributing valuable data to Jordan's energy portfolio and offering economic benefits.

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Real-time imaging of oil shale pyrolysis dynamics at nanoscale via environmental scanning electron microscopy

Pan,

Yin,

Yang

et al. 2024

Applied Energy

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An optical mechanism for detecting the whole pyrolysis process of oil shale

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Constrain on Oil Recovery Stage during Oil Shale Subcritical Water Extraction Process Based on Carbon Isotope Fractionation Character

Constrain on Oil Recovery Stage during Oil Shale Subcritical Water Extraction Process Based on Carbon Isotope Fractionation Character

A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan

Real-time imaging of oil shale pyrolysis dynamics at nanoscale via environmental scanning electron microscopy

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