An optimal charging strategy for crowdsourcing platforms

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an optimal charging strategy for a third-party crowdsourcing platform. Design/methodology/approach Based on the auction theory, the Stackelberg game theory and the systems theory, this paper presents a new model from the perspective of risk sharing between solution seekers and the crowdsourcing platform, given the utility maximization of the seekers, the crowdsourcing platform and the solvers. Findings Based on the results, this study shows that the menu of fees, which includes different combinations of a fixed fee and a floating fee schedule, should be designed to attract both solution seekers and solvers. In addition, the related prize setting and the expected payoff for each party are presented. Practical implications This study is beneficial for crowdsourcing platform operators, as it provides a new way to design charging strategies and can help in understanding key influential factors. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to simulate the interactions among the three stakeholders, thereby providing a novel model that includes a fixed fee and a floating commission.

Multistable Thermal Actuators Via Multimaterial 4D Printing

“…Multistable actuators could be very useful, for example, for the motion control of soft robots. [15,16] Rotational multistable structures could be very useful for implementing certain sophisticated actuation (e.g., changing the moving direction of soft robots with a predesigned angle or changing the folding angle of a drone's wing). In general, rotational structures can be used together with linear, translational ones to produce more sophisticated movements.…”

“…For example, shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be employed as an active material in 4D printing, and this could be useful for a wide range of potential applications in actuators, switches, sensors, deployable structures, soft robotics, and medical devices. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] An SMP can have arbitrary temporary shapes and return to a memorized, permanent shape again upon a proper external stimulus (usually heat or light). [17,18] The 4D printing of SMPs typically involves 3D printing of an original shape and then thermomechanical programming at high temperature (usually above the glass-transition temperature T g ).…”