An optimal growth medium for the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii

Tuttle, Robert C.; Loeblich, Alfred R.

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-14-1-1.1

Cited by 142 publications

(78 citation statements)

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“…Temperate species of algae were cultivated in continuous Light on f/2 medium (Guillard & Ryther 1962) at 18 'C and 40 FE m-2 S-', with 2 exceptions: Pavlova lutheri which was cultivated on S50 medium (Droop 1958) and Crypthecodinium cohnii which was grown in the dark on MLH medium (Tuttle & Loeblich 1975). Antarctic species were cultivated at 40 pE m-2 S-' on f-medium with a salinity of 34 %o at 3 'C (Fiala & Oriol 1990).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in carboxylase activity in marine phytoplankton cultures, ß-carbolxylation in carbon flux studies

Descolas-Gros¹,

Oriol²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Inorganic carbon may be assimilated through the Calvin-Benson cycle via the enzyme ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) andlor by 0-carboxylation [via the enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) or pyruvate carboxylase]. Here, carboxylase activity measurements for marine phytoplankton are described. Two indices measuring carboxylase activity in marine phytoplankton were used. The first measures Rubisco activity per unit chlorophyll [R/Chl; nmol CO2 (pg chl a+b+c)-' h-'] while the second is the ratio of P-carboxylase activity to Rubisco activity, expressed as % (PC/R), which reflects the proportion of inorganic carbon fixed by these 2 groups of carboxylases. These ratios were studied in (1) different algal species in culture, (2) dunng the different growth phases of a culture, and (3) after a light-dark transition to measure the time response of carboxylase activities. These indices were different from one species to another at the same stage of growth. In autotrophic cells, P-carboxylation remained low (PC/R<40). The PCIR ratio increased significantly when R/Chl began to decrease at the end of the growth phase of a culture of Skeletonerna costaturn. The heterotrophic dinoflagellate Crypthecodinjurn cohnii, grown on an organic medium, incorporated inorganic carbon in the dark through PEPCK activity. The wlde range in PC/R ratio observed among the species confirm that in phytoplankton there may exist a continuum between autotrophy and heterotrophy. From a carbon budget point of view the 2 mechanisms are not equivalent. Rubisco fixation uses light as an energy source and results in gross production; 0-carboxylation also fixes inorganic carbon but as energy source uses metabolites synthesized by other pathways in the cell or from the external medium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in carboxylase activity in marine phytoplankton cultures, ß-carbolxylation in carbon flux studies

Descolas-Gros¹,

Oriol²

1992

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…It has been reported that the optimum pH for growth of C. cohnii is 6.5-6.6 [6,[21][22][23][24]. After pH 7.0, cell growth starts to slow down [24].…”

Section: Optimization Of Selected Medium Components Using Response Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Peyniraltı Suyu ve Mısır Islatma Şurubunun Heterotrofik Mikroalg Crypthecodinium cohnii ile Biyokütle ve Yağ Üretimi Amacıyla Biyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

İşleten-Hoşoğlu¹,

Elibol²

2017

Akademik Gıda

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Many different wastewater and by-products derived from industrial activities potentially support microalgal growth by providing a cost-effective and sustainable solutions. In this present study, it was aimed to biologically utilize cheese whey (CW) and corn steep liquor (CSL) for microalgal biomass and lipid production by using these wastes in culture media for heterotrophic microalga Crypthecodinium cohnii cultivation. To determine nutrient requirements for C. cohnii growing in a medium prepared with CSL and in CW, statistical screening tools were used. CSL significantly enhanced microalgal growth and it could be an alternative to yeast extract as the primary nutrient source. As for CW, it served as a good culture medium for C. cohnii with the supplement of some of nutrients and eliminated the need for fresh water. Thus, a new culture medium was developed by combining undiluted CW and CSL and optimized for the growth of C. cohnii. Lastly, in a scale-up attempt by using this new medium, microalgal production was performed in a 3 L stirred tank bioreactor. C. cohnii yielded relatively high biomass productivity (2.28 g/L.d) and lipid content (28.7% dry weight) in the optimized medium. Although C. cohnii was known for its ability to accumulate high amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), it transformed its fatty acid composition to an increased proportion of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:0-C18:1) that comprise ~70% of total fatty acids (TFA) when it was cultivated in CW mainly supplemented with CSL. Thus, C. cohnii seemed to be more feasible for biodiesel production than any other purposes when it was cultivated in this new medium. Gıda 15(3) (2017) 233-241 Keywords 234üretimler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimizasyonu yapılan kültür ortamında kısmen yüksek biyokütle verimliliği (2.28 g/L.gün) ve yağ oranı (% 28.7 kuru ağırlık) sağlanmıştır. C. cohnii biyokütlede son derece yüksek oranlarda dokozahekzanoik asit (DHA) üreticisi bir tür olarak bilinmesine rağmen, CSL ile zenginleştirilmiş CW ortamında biyokütlesindeki yağ asidi kompozisyonunu değiştirerek, daha çok tekli doymuş ve tekli doymamış yağ asitlerince (C16:0-C18:1) zengin bir yağ profiline (toplam yağ asidi kompozisyonunun ~70%'i) sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna göre, endüstriyel atıkların değerlendirildiği bu kültür ortamında yetiştirilen C. cohnii'nin biyodizel üretimi için uygun bir kaynak olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

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“…(Ucko et al 1989). It has, however, recently been identified as Crypthecodinium cohnii, a heterotrophic dinoflagellate that has been studied in some detail (Gold & Baren 1966, Hauser et al 1975, Tuttle & Loeblich 1975, Beam & Himes 1982. This dinoflagellate was found to grow only on the cells of the red microalga Porphyridium sp., but not on other microalgae or on a medium alone (Ucko et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation by a dinoflagellate on a red microalga with a cell wall modified by sulfate and nitrate starvation

Ucko¹,

Geresh²,

Simon-Berkovitch³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The dlnoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohn~i was found to prey specifically on the unicellular red alga Porphyrjdum sp. and to contain enzymes that degrade its cell wall Cell wall production and conlposition of the alga are affected by nitrate and sulfate deprivation, the main changes being an increase in methylhexose and a decrease in glucose and xylose. When the dinoflagellate was fed with Porphyndium sp. having modified cell walls, fewer cells were ingested. Similarly, in chemosensory experiments it was found that the dinoflagellate was more attracted to the native polysaccharide than to polysaccharides extracted from deprived Porphyridium sp. Polysaccharide-degrading activity was higher when the dinoflagellate was fed with nondeprived algal cells than with deprived cells (82 to 86% and 45 to 53% reduction in viscosity, respectively). Although the dinoflagellate could not survive on polysaccharide alone, the induced enzymatic activity was similar irrespective of whether the polysaccharide was extracted from deprived or nondeprived cells. The results indicate that the process of predation is not linked to polysaccharide-degrading activity, which is affected by the cell-wall composition of the prey, i.e. algal cells.

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An optimal growth medium for the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii

Cited by 142 publications

References 0 publications

Variations in carboxylase activity in marine phytoplankton cultures, ß-carbolxylation in carbon flux studies

Variations in carboxylase activity in marine phytoplankton cultures, ß-carbolxylation in carbon flux studies

Peyniraltı Suyu ve Mısır Islatma Şurubunun Heterotrofik Mikroalg Crypthecodinium cohnii ile Biyokütle ve Yağ Üretimi Amacıyla Biyolojik Olarak Değerlendirilmesi

Predation by a dinoflagellate on a red microalga with a cell wall modified by sulfate and nitrate starvation

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