An Optimal Scheduling and Planning of Campus Microgrid Based on Demand Response and Battery Lifetime

Abstract

Existing electricity supply systems face several challenges, including increasing energy prices with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil fuel depletion. These issues have a significant impact on all power system stakeholders, including customers/prosumers, utilities, and microgrid operators. Renewable energy incorporation and different energy managing strategies such as demand-side management (DSM), demand response (DR), and others may help to overcome these limitations. Campus microgrids are among the largest energy consumers in the United States, with high energy expenditures. This article presents a new energy management (EMS) system for a university campus microgrid with onsite solar PV and ESS that operates in a grid exchange scenario. The suggested EMS not only lowers power consumption costs by prolonging storage life; however, it also guarantees grid stability through limiting and shifting loads using price-based and incentive-based demand response methods. ESS is utilized as a stand-by energy reserve to maintain the microgrid system stability and to assist the utility network in the event of a power outage. In MATLAB, a quadratic approach is used to solve the proposed framework. According to the findings, the suggested EMS decreases the prosumer's operating cost and increasing self-consumption, minimizes peak load from the national grid, and encourages campus stakeholders and energy controllers to engage in large-scale ESS installations and distributed generation (DG).

Preliminary Approach for the Development of Sustainable University Campuses: A Case Study Based on the Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

“…Energy storage systems can also improve energy efficiency by enabling the use of stored energy during peak demand periods, reducing the need to rely on fossil fuel-based power sources [81]. This not only reduces the carbon footprint of the university campus, but also reduces energy costs and increases energy security, providing backup power in the case of power outages, as well as ensuring the continuity of critical operations and services on campus [82]. This is especially important in emergency situations, where the campus must continue to function with minimum disruption [83].…”

Scheduling and Sizing of Campus Microgrid Considering Demand Response and Economic Analysis

“…Storage technologies have helped with various applications in managing different kind of microgrids. Among many applications, off-grid system applications [24], energy arbitrage [37], distribution system deferral [38][39][40], frequency regulation [41], demand-side management [42], peak reductions [43], and power system reliability [44,45], etc., are the key contributions for energy storage systems. Several technologies of ESS exist such as flywheel, compressed air, BESS, etc.…”